cardiac Flashcards
(37 cards)
Aortic regurgitation: causes
LAB CREAM:
Luetic heart disease Ankylosing Spondylitis Bicuspid Valve--- blood pressure Congenital Rheumatic damage Endocarditis Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation Marfan’s
Aortic stenosis characteristics
SAD:
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnoea
Apex beat: abnormalities found on palpation, causes of impalpable[edit]
HILT:[3]p. 29 Heaving Impalpable Laterally displaced Thrusting/ Tapping If it's impalpable, causes are COPD:[3]p. 29 COPD Obesity Pleural, Pericardial effusion Dextrocardia
Atrial Arrhythmias
Anticoagulants: To prevent embolization.
Beta blockers: To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate.
Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
Digoxin: Helps slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart chambers (ventricles).
Electrocardioversion: A procedure in which electric currents are used to reset the heart’s rhythm back to regular pattern.[23]
Atrial Fibrillation causes
Pirates:[3]p. 3 Pulmonary: PE, COPD Iatrogenic Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation Atherosclerotic: MI, CAD Thyroid: hyperthyroid Endocarditis Sick sinus syndrome
Atrial fibrillation management
ABCD:[3]p. 30 Anti-coagulate Beta-block to control rate Cardiovert Digoxin
Beck’s triad (cardiac tamponade)
3 D’s:[3]p. 30
Distant heart sounds
Distended jugular veins
Decreased arterial pressure
Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers
Betablockers Acting Exclusively At Myocardium:[3]p. 30
Betaxolol Acebutelol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol
CHF Treatment
LMNOP Lasix Morphine Nitrites Oxygen VassoPressors[24]
CHF: causes of exacerbation
FAILURE
Forgot medication Arrhythmia/ Anaemia Ischemia/ Infarction/ Infection Lifestyle: taken too much salt Upregulation of CO: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism Renal failure Embolism: pulmonary
Complications of Myocardial Infarction
Darth Vader
Death Arrythmia Rupture(free ventricular wall/ ventricular septum/ papillary muscles) Tamponade Heart failure (acute or chronic) Valve disease Aneurysm of Ventricles Dressler's Syndrome thromboEmbolism (mural thrombus) Recurrence/ mitral Regurgitation[25]
Coronary artery bypass graft: indications
DUST:[3]p. 31
Depressed ventricular function
Unstable angina
Stenosis of the left main stem
Triple vessel disease
ECG: left vs. right bundle block
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:[3]p. 31
W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block.
M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block.
Exercise ramp ECG: contraindications
RAMP
Recent MI
Aortic stenosis
MI in the last 7 days
Pulmonary hypertension
Endocarditis
FROM JANE:
Fever Roth's spots Osler's nodes Murmur of heart Janeway lesions Anemia nail haemorrhage emboli
Heart valve sequence
Try Puling My Aorta Tricuspid Pulmonary Mitral (bicuspid) Aorta
Heart blocks
If the R is far from P, then you have a First Degree.
Longer, longer, longer, drop! Then you have a Wenkebach.
if some P’s don’t get through, then you have Mobitz II.
If P’s and Q’s don’t agree, then you have a Third Degree.
Infarctions
IV access Narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine, pethidine) Facilities for defibrillation (DF) Aspirin/ Anticoagulant (heparin) Rest Converting enzyme inhibitor Thrombolysis IV beta blocker Oxygen 60% Nitrates Stool Softeners
JVP: wave form
ASK ME
Atrial contraction Systole (ventricular contraction) Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling Maximal atrial filling Emptying of atrium
MI: basic management
BOOMAR
Bed rest Oxygen Opiate Monitor Anticoagulate Reduce clot size
MI: signs and symptoms
PULSE:
Persistent chest pains Upset stomach Lightheadedness Shortness of breath Excessive sweating
MI: therapeutic treatment
O BATMAN!
Oxygen Beta blocker ASA Thrombolytics (e.g. heparin) Morphine Ace prn Nitroglycerin
MI: treatment of acute MI
COAG:
Cyclomorph
Oxygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate
Murmur attributes
TIPPQRS
Timing
Intensity
Position of stethoscope where murmur heard loudest
Position of patient where murmur heard loudest
Quality
Radiation
systemic features
