Cardiac

Question 1

Primary cause of death and disability in the US

Answer 1

1. CHA (coronary heart disease)

Question 2

1 out of every (?) deaths are caused by CHD

Answer 2

5

Question 3

based on the slides what has is the most valuable modifiable risk factor

Answer 3

diet

Question 4

Essential substance required for synthesis of:
Cell membranes
Steroid hormones
Multiple other compounds utilized in daily physiological processes

Answer 4

cholesterol

Question 5

Transport cholesterol and triglycerides

Answer 5

Lipid proteins

Question 6

Transport dietary exogenous triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol from the

intestines to the liver

Answer 6

Chylomicrons

Question 7

Transport endogenous cholesterol from the tissues to the liver

Answer 7

HDL

Question 8

Transport TG & cholesterol from liver into circulation

Answer 8

VLDL

Question 9

Transport TG & cholesterol within circulation

Answer 9

LDL

Question 10

total cholesterol

Answer 10

TC: HDL+LDL+VDL

Question 11

Good cholesterol

Answer 11

HDL

Question 12

TG are elevated when

Answer 12

non fasting state

Question 13

when fasting what cant you have

Answer 13

coffee

cum

Question 14

when fasting can you have water

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

V-LDL carries what

Answer 15

primarily TG

Question 16

what is the good Apolipoprotein

Answer 16

A-1

Question 17

Responsible for reverse cholesterol transport

Answer 17

HDL

Question 18

Fatty material and plaque are deposited in the wall of an artery

Answer 18

Atherogenesis

Question 19

what is the initial stage of Atherogenesis

Answer 19

vesicle inflammation

Question 20

most TG are found in what lipid protein

Answer 20

V-LDL

Question 21

how to calculate V- LDL

Answer 21

TG/5

Question 22

Friedewald equation

Answer 22

Total cholesterol= HDL+LDL+ VLDL

Question 23

normal Total cholesterol

Answer 23

< 200 mg/dl

Question 24

Normal HDL

Answer 24

> 40 mg/ dl

Question 25

Normal V-LDL

Answer 25

<30 mg/ dl

Question 26

Normal LDL

Answer 26

< 130 mg/dl

Question 27

Normal TG levels

Answer 27

< 150 mg/dl

Question 28

3 issues on EKG that would indicate an oh shit

Answer 28

1. T wave inversion 2. ST elevation 3. Abnormal Q wave

Question 29

T wave inversion indicates what

Answer 29

ischemia

Question 30

ST elevation indicates

Answer 30

acute MI

Question 31

Abnormal Q wave indicates what

Answer 31

tissue death

Question 32

CK or CPK stands for what

Answer 32

Creatine Kinase

Question 33

Creatine Kinase is located where

Answer 33

94% CK-MM: muscle 6% CK-MB: Heart 0% CK-BB: Brain These percentages are what you should find in the brain

Question 34

Creatine Kinase hour by hour

Answer 34

Rise 4-6 hours , peak 18-24 hours, normalizes 48-72 hours

Question 35

How is the sensitivity of CKMB for acute MI

Answer 35

Dog shit sn: 52%

Question 36

with cardiac biomarkes MB stands for what

Answer 36

myoglobin

Question 37

MB hour by hour

Answer 37

Rise in 2-4, peak 6-12, normalize 24-36

Question 38

SN and SP for MB

Answer 38

Sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 99%

Question 39

most SN cardiobiomarcker for acute MI

Answer 39

troponin I (sn99%)

Question 40

timeline hour by hour for troponin C

Answer 40

Increases within 2-6, peak 18-24 hours, hours and normalizes in 7-14 days

Question 41

Cut off values for troponin I

Answer 41

.04 MI

Question 42

Most specific test for MI

Answer 42

MB

Question 43

Secreted primarily by the ventricular myocardium in response to wall stress Ventricular volume expansion Pressure overload

Answer 43

BNP

Question 44

BNP value for CHF

Answer 44

>400pg/ml

Question 45

High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein tests for what

Answer 45

inflammatory disorders

Question 46

A prothrombin time tests what

Answer 46

clotting time

Question 47

INR is associated with what

Answer 47

clotting time

Question 48

Injury to a vein or artery activates the coagulation cascade, creating a blood clot.

Answer 48

D dimer (SP but not SN)

Question 49

Biggest contribute to cardiovascular disease

Answer 49

coronary heart disease

Question 50

Biggest modifiable risk factor to coronary heart disease

Answer 50

poor diet

Question 51

what race has the highest cholesterol

Answer 51

mexican

Question 52

Transport cholesterol and triglycerides

Answer 52

Lipid proteins

Question 53

Cell membranes Steroid hormones Multiple other compounds utilized in daily physiological processes

Answer 53

cholesterol

Question 54

Transport dietary exogenous triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol from the intestines to the liver

Answer 54

Chylomicrons

Question 55

Chylomicrons and VLDL have greatest concentration of what

Answer 55

TG's

Question 56

How long do you have to fast for a TG test

Answer 56

8-10 hours

Question 57

Pre-cursor of IDL and LDL

Answer 57

V-LDL

Question 58

Contains Apolipoprotein B

Answer 58

VLDL

Question 59

Densest and smallest of lipoproteins | Contains Apolipoprotein A-1

Answer 59

HDL

Question 60

Atherosclerosis starts in what decade of life

Answer 60

1st

Question 61

The Friedewald equation should not be used under the following circumstances:

Answer 61

When chylomicrons are present which means that the patient should be fasting for 8 to 10 hours When plasma triglyceride concentration exceeds 400 mg/dL

Question 62

C reative protein has to do with what

Answer 62

vascular injury

Question 63

PT is a coagulation test that measures the time it takes to form a firm fibrin clot after thromboplastin (factor III) and calcium are added to the serum sample.

Answer 63

PT/ INR | prothrombin time

Question 64

who clots faster children or adults

Answer 64

children

Question 65

Injury to a vein or artery activates the coagulation cascade, creating a blood clot.

Answer 65

D dimer

Question 66

D dimer is highly ...

Answer 66

sensitive

Question 67

How long do halter monitors record

Answer 67

1-2 days

Question 68

How long do event reorders monitor

Answer 68

2-30 days

Question 69

until what % do you do a cardiac stress test

Answer 69

85%

Question 70

Dobutamine | Adenosine

Answer 70

chemical stress test

Question 71

Detection and recording of timing and conduction of electrical impulses Induce arrhythmias and see where they originate

Answer 71

EPS

Question 72

what do you not want on a dopler vein

Answer 72

red- This means it;s moving fast

Question 73

what test looks at the structure of teh heart

Answer 73

echo

Question 74

Transesophageal Echocardiography

Answer 74

looks at posterior heart

Question 75

what is the best test for vesicle

Answer 75

CT

Question 76

best for valves and coronary arteries

Answer 76

cardiac catheterization

Question 77

Measures pressure in the RA and RV pulmonary artery

Answer 77

Swan Ganz catheter