Cardiac

Question 1

What is a friction rub an indication of?

Answer 1

Pericarditis

It will have no change with respiration’s.

Question 2

What are the components of Beck’s Triad?

Answer 2

• decreased BP
• muffled heart sounds
• raised jugular venous pressure

Question 3

List the heart valves in order left to right.

Answer 3

TPAM

Question 4

What does MAP stand for?

Answer 4

Mean arterial pressure.

Question 5

What does MAP mean?

Answer 5

Perfusion pressure that end organs ‘see’.

The average pressure in a pt’s arteries during one cardiac cycle.

Question 6

How is MAP calculated?

Answer 6

MAP= SBP +2(DBP)
——————-
3

Question 7

What do nitrates do the help in the treatment of CHF?

Answer 7

Decrease the preload and after load.

Question 8

What are two things that BiPAP does?

Answer 8

• increases intrathoracic pressure causing decrease in preload and after load
• increases cardiac output

Question 9

List signs of carcinogenic shock.

Answer 9

• SBP less than 90%
• decreased urine output
• peripherally shut down
• myocardial dysfunction

Mortality is high 48-72%

Question 10

_______ is a problem with the heart muscle.

Does not include CAD, valvular disorders.

Answer 10

Cardiomyopathy

Question 11

List the three cardiomyopothies?

Answer 11

Displayed
Hypertrophic
Restrictive

Question 12

Which cardiomyopathy is described?

Systolic function impaired, leading indication for heart transplant

Answer 12

Dilated

Enlarged + Thin

Question 13

Which cardiomyopathy is described?

Abnormal diastolic function, poor pre fill, exertion all syncope, often die young, VF sudden death, no CHF, have murmur

Answer 13

Hypertrophic

Thick

Question 14

Which cardiomyopathy is described?

Abnormal diastolic, sarcomere dysfunction common to all, autoimmune often causes, least common, poor prognosis, typically young

Answer 14

Restrictive

Stiff

Question 15

What 12 lead has global elevation?

Answer 15

Pericarditis

This is an early sign.
No nitro, caution with fentanyl, don’t want to decrease preload. ASA is ok. Can have fever. Pain is sudden or gradual. Decreased SBP with narrow pulse pressure.

Question 16

Myocarditis - what do you know?

Answer 16

Often leads to dial aged cardiomyopathy

Rare, early fatal

May have or have recently had a viral illness

Symptoms of CHF

Question 17

Endocarditis

Answer 17

Weird shim issues. Janeway lesions, Roth spots, solar nodes, petechia

Question 18

Where are clotting factors mostly made?

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

Which heart failure?

Fatigue
Increased venous pressure
Distended jugular veins
Weight gain
Dependant edema
Enlarged liver and spleen
Ascites

Answer 19

Right (cor pulmonale)

Question 20

Which heart failure?

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Restlessness
Confusion
Orthopnea
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Exertion also dyspnea
Cyanosis
Pulmonary congestion - cough, crackles, wheezes, blood tinged sputum, tachypnea

Answer 20

Left sided failure

Question 21

What are the functional classes of heart failure?

Answer 21

1 no physical limitations
2 slight limitations in the form of moderate exertion
3 marked limitation of minimal exertion
4 symptoms at rest

Question 22

What is Frank Starling’s law?

Answer 22

The stroke volume of the left ventricle will increase as the left ventricle volume increases due to the myocyte stretch causing a more forceful contraction.

Cardiac output increases or decreases in response to changes in heart rate or stroke volume.

Increase venous eternal increases the ventricular filling (end-diastolic volume) and therefore preload which is the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction. Myocyte stretching increases the sarcoma Reg length which causes an increase in force generation and enables the heart to eject the additional venous return, thereby increasing stroke volume.