Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the wall between the two ventricles called?
the interventricular septum
What is VSD?
ventricular septal defect - this is when there is a hole within the septum, causing backflow of blood between the ventricles
In what portion of the interventricular septum is VSD more common
within the membranous portion (reather than the muscular)
What are the three layers of muscle tissue?
from outside to inside: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Epi/Myo/Endo
What is the pericardium?
this is the membrane that encloses the heart, protection it from friction and potential infection
What are the layers of the pericardium?
- outer parietal layer
- inner visceral layer (this forms the epicardium)
Which ventricle is stronger - the L or R?
the left ventricle is stronger, with a myocardium that is ~ 3x thicker because it must propel blood out into the entire body
What is the name of the atrioventricular valve leading from the right atrium into the right ventricle?
the tricuspid valve
What is the name of the atrioventricular valve leading from the left atrium into the left ventricle?
the bicuspid or mitral valvue
What is the name of the opening leading from the right ventricle into the lungs?
the pulmonary valve (which leads into the pulmonary trunk and into the lungs)
What is the name of the opening leading from the left ventricle into the lungs?
the aortic valve (which leads into the aorta and through the systemic arteries)
All exchange of material between blood and tissue must occur in the……
capillaries
What is another name of “heartstrings” and what is their main function
these are the “chordae tendineae:
- holds AV valves in place while the heart pumps blood
- prevents regurgitation
What are cardiac cycles based upon?
ventricular contractions
What are the two circulations in the body?
- pulmonary circulation
2. systemic circulation
Distinguish between pulmonary and systemic circlation
pulmonary circulation is the right side of the heart, as it’s goal is to reach to lungs to pick up oxygen
systemic circulation is the left side of the heart, as it’s goal is to replenish the body it
How does the heart receive oxygen if it’s constantly pumping blood?
via coronary vessels of the systemic circulatory system
How does the lung receive oxygen?
via bronchial vessels of the systemic circulatory system
How is blood pressure read?
systole / diastole
What is occurring during systole?
the ventricles are contracting and pushing blood into the pulmonary and aortic valves
What is occurring during diastole?
the ventricles are relaxed, and the atria contract to push blood down
What are the 2 sounds of systole?
Lub (s1) and Dub (s2)
What is occurring during the “Lub” portion of systole?
the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are slamming shut, as the force pushes the blood into the valves
What is occurring during the “Dub” portion of systole?
the aortic and pulmonary valves shut after accepting the incoming blood from the ventricles
