Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular spine?

Answer 1

To support the cardiovascular system and protect the spinal cord.

Question 2

Fill in the blank:
The cardiovascular spine develops from embryonic __________.

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

What are the two main components of the cardiovascular system during spinal development?

Answer 3

The heart and blood vessels.

Question 4

True or False: The cardiovascular spine is fully developed at birth.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Fill in the blank:
The __________ is the first organ to function in the embryo, playing a critical role in cardiovascular development.

Answer 5

heart

Question 6

What is cardiac looping?

Answer 6

It is a process during heart development where the linear heart tube forms a loop.

Question 7

What is the importance of the fetal circulation in the development of the cardiovascular spine?

Answer 7

It allows for efficient oxygen and nutrient transport to developing tissues.

Question 8

Fill in the blank:
The __________ is a temporary structure that allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation.

Answer 8

ductus arteriosus

Question 9

What is the role of the endocardial cushions in heart development?

Answer 9

They help in the formation of heart valves and septa.

Question 10

Multiple choice:
Which embryonic layer gives rise to the cardiovascular system? A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) All of the above

Answer 10

C) Mesoderm

Question 11

Fill in the blank:
The __________ system is essential for the development of the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 11

cardiovascular

Question 12

Multiple choice:
What structure forms the base of the heart during embryonic development?
A) Aortic arch
B) Sinus venosus
C) Bulbus cordis
D) All of the above

Answer 12

D) All of the above

Question 14

What is the primary structure that forms the heart loop during embryonic development?

Answer 14

The primitive heart tube.

Question 15

True or False: The heart loop formation begins around the 3rd week of embryonic development.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The heart loop is formed through a process called __________.

Answer 16

Looping.

Question 17

What are the two main components of the heart tube that contribute to the heart loop formation?

Answer 17

The atrial and ventricular regions.

Question 18

Multiple choice:
Which of the following structures is involved in the bending of the heart tube to form the heart loop?
A) Bulbus cordis
B) Sinus venosus
C) Both A and B

Answer 18

C) Both A and B.

Question 19

What direction does the heart loop bend during its formation?

Answer 19

The heart loop bends ventrally and to the right.

Question 20

What is the result of improper heart loop formation?

Answer 20

Congenital heart defects.

Question 21

Fill in the blank:
The heart loop connects the __________ to the __________.

Answer 21

Atrium; ventricle.

Question 22

Multiple choice:
Which region of the heart tube forms the future left ventricle?
A) Atrial region
B) Bulbus cordis
C) Sinus venosus

Answer 22

B) Bulbus cordis.

Question 23

True or False: The heart loop is fully formed by the end of the 4th week of embryonic development.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What is the significance of the cardiac jelly during heart loop formation?

Answer 24

It provides structural support and facilitates growth.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The heart loop formation helps in the development of the __________ system.

Answer 25

Circulatory.

Question 26

Multiple choice: Which part of the heart loop eventually becomes the aorta? A) Bulbus cordis B) Sinus venosus C) Atrial region

Answer 26

A) Bulbus cordis.

Question 27

What embryonic layer contributes to the formation of the heart loop?

Answer 27

Mesoderm.

Question 28

True or False: The heart loop formation is influenced by genetic factors.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

What is the primary function of the heart loop during embryonic development?

Answer 29

To establish the basic architecture of the heart.

Question 30

What happens to the heart tube after the looping process is complete?

Answer 30

It undergoes further maturation and chamber formation.

Question 31

What is the role of the endocardial cushions during heart loop formation?

Answer 31

They help in the separation of the heart chambers.

Question 32

Multiple choice: Which structure is responsible for the initial contraction of the heart tube? A) Myocardium B) Endocardium C) Pericardium

Answer 32

A) Myocardium.

Question 33

What is the primary function of fetal circulation?

Answer 33

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and remove waste products.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the primary vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Answer 34

umbilical vein

Question 35

Which structure allows blood to bypass the fetal lungs?

Answer 35

Foramen ovale

Question 36

What is the name of the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta?

Answer 36

Umbilical arteries

Question 37

At what gestational age does fetal circulation begin to develop?

Answer 37

Around 3 weeks of gestation

Question 38

What is the role of the ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation?

Answer 38

To connect the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

Question 39

What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?

Answer 39

It closes, forming a fibrous structure called the fossa ovalis.