Cardiac and thoracic surgery

Question 1

Who initiates the cardiac cycle and is the hearts pacemaker.

Answer 1

The Sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 2

The heart is contained within a closed cavity called the

Answer 2

Mediastinum

Question 3

The Sinoatrial SA node initiates the cardiac cycle and is sometimes called the heart’s

Answer 3

Pacemaker

Question 4

Fibrillation is

Answer 4

Uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle, which results in “quivering” rather than pumping action

Question 5

Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of one or both ventricles that does not pump the blood is called

Answer 5

Ventricular fibrillation.

Question 6

Demonstrates the movement of blood through the valves and can be used to measure the ejection fraction and end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.

Answer 6

Ventricular Angiography

Question 7

The coronary artery is opened with a #11 knife blade (or beaver blade) and the incision is extended with

Answer 7

Potts coronary scissors

Question 8

Reduced blood supply to tissue, which may be a result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure, which acts as a tourniquet.

Answer 8

Ischemia

Question 9

A pacemaker is a device that produces electrical impulses that stimulates the heart. This process is called?

Answer 9

Pacing the heart

Question 10

Bradycardia is

Answer 10

Heart rate below 40 to 60 beats per minute.

Question 11

The most common incision used for surgical procedures of the heart and great vessel in the thoracic cavity

Answer 11

Median Sternotomy

Question 12

Cardioplegia solution is used to

Answer 12

Stop the heart’s pumping action

Question 13

Function of the Aortic valve

Answer 13

Maintains one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Question 14

What incision is most commonly made to open the aorta during an aortic valve replacement

Answer 14

Transverse

Question 15

The mitral valve is located between the

Answer 15

Left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 16

During coronary artery bypass surgery l, the surgeon occludes the ascending aorta and inserts the indwelling catheter for

Answer 16

Infusion of cardioplegic solution and venting of air

Question 17

Removal of a native heart and replacement with a donor heart is indicated for patients with

Answer 17

End- Stage cardiac disease.

Question 18

Two classification of aneurysms are

Answer 18

Saccular and fusiform

Question 19

An artificial pacemaker is implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrhythmia caused by

Answer 19

Disease of the conduction system

Question 20

Tachycardia is

Answer 20

Fast heart rate, usually more than 120 beats per minute

Question 21

The three layers of the wall of the heart are

Answer 21

Epicardium (outer)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (inner)

Question 22

What is cardiac catherization

Answer 22

Interventional radiology procedure and involves insertion of a cardiac catheter into the heart chambers and large vessels via a peripheral artery or vein.

Question 23

What is the Rumel tourniquet

Answer 23

Commonly used in cardiovascular surgery, is a short length of rubber tubing either commercially prepared or cut from a straight (Robinson) urinary catheter.

Question 24

A midline incision from the sternal notch 2 to 3 inches below the xiphoid is called

Answer 24

Median sternotomy

Question 25

What incision is frequently used for pediatric aortic coarctation repair

Answer 25

Posterolateral thoracotomy

Question 26

Which of the following veins would be harvested during CABG

Answer 26

- Saphenous | - internal mammary artery

Question 27

What is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm?

Answer 27

Atheroclerosis

Question 28

Induced hypothermia is typically associated with which of the following surgical specialties?

Answer 28

Cardiothoracic

Question 29

In severe aortic stenosis, what is not an indication of valve replacement?

Answer 29

Palpitations.

Question 30

What is Aortic Stenosis

Answer 30

Blocks the complete flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, causing left ventricle hypertrophy, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, angina and heart failure

Question 31

Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called?

Answer 31

Tamponade

Question 32

Which endoscope is used to visualize the heart and major vessels?

Answer 32

Angioscope

Question 33

Which instruments is used to contract the ribs for suturing purposes ?

Answer 33

Bailey

Question 34

During a CABG procedure, the saphenous vein is sutured to the

Answer 34

Coronary artery

Question 35

The removal of fibrous thickening of the visceral pleura is

Answer 35

Decortication

Question 36

Why is cardioplegia used

Answer 36

Cause diastolic arrest

Question 37

Excision of a constricted segment of the aorta with reanastomosis is performed to correct

Answer 37

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 38

Why is the orientation of the vein graft reverse during a CABG?

Answer 38

Presence of valves

Question 39

Which catheter is used for angioplasty?

Answer 39

Fogarty

Question 40

The internal mammary artery retractor would be used in which of the following procedures?

Answer 40

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Question 41

Insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump is done to treat patients with a/an

Answer 41

Left ventricular failure

Question 42

When two chest tubes are inserted into the pleura cavity after an open cardiovascular procedure, what does the superior tube evacuate?

Answer 42

Air

Question 43

Why is the temperature lowered intentionally during cardiac surgery?

Answer 43

To lower the metabolism and decrease the demand of oxygen.

Question 44

Procesure performed for removal of an embolus

Answer 44

Balloon catheterization

Question 45

A CABG is a coronary artery bypass graft that will increase blood flow the heart muscle. The “LIMA” or left internal mammary artery is one of the first choices for a vessel to replace blood flow. What should the pedicle graft be soaked in prior to the anastomosis?

Answer 45

Papaverine soaked sponge 4x8 sponge

Question 46

Doyen

Answer 46

Rib elevator

Question 47

Alexander

Answer 47

Rib raspatory. | Used for scraping periosteum from rib bone

Question 48

Bethune

Answer 48

Rib shear for cutting and dissecting ribs