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New cardio > Cardiac arrest - Full summary > Flashcards

Cardiac arrest - Full summary Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4Hs that can cause cardiac arrest?

A

Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hypo/hyperkalaemia (+other metabolic)

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2
Q

What are the 4Ts that can cause cardiac arrest?

A

Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins (Opiates and benzodiazepines)
Thrombus

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3
Q

What are some signs of cardiac arrest?

A

Unresponsive
Abnormal, agano breathing
Absent pulse

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4
Q

What is the number to call for a cardiac arrest in public?

A

999

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5
Q

What is the number to call for a cardiac arrest in hospital?

A

2222

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6
Q

What are the 2 methods of recording patient response?

A

ACVPU
Glasgow Coma Scale

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7
Q

What does ACVPU stand for?

A

A - Alert
C - Confusion
V - Voice
P - Pain
U - Unresponsive

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8
Q

What is the Glasgow coma scale?

A

A scale from 3-15
3 - Coma
15 - Fully alert

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9
Q

What should be performed before CPR in a patient with a suspected cardiac arrest?

A

Check alertness
Check airway
Check breathing
Check pulse

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10
Q

What is meant by good quality CPR?

A

Delivered to the lower half of the sternum
Compress chest by 5-6cm
Done with straightened arms
Performed at 100-120 bpm
Allow chest to fully recoil between compressions
Deliver chest compressions and breaths at a ratio of 30:2

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11
Q

What are the 4 possible rhythms in cardiac arrest?

A

Ventricular fibrillation
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
Pulseless electrical activity
Asystole

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12
Q

What are the shockable rhythms of cardiac arrest?

A

Ventricular fibrillation
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

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13
Q

What are the non-shockable rhythms of cardiac arrest?

A

Pulseless electrical activity
Asystole

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14
Q

What rhythm of cardiac arrest can be seen in the following ECG?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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15
Q

What are the 2 forms of ventricular tachycardia?

A

Monomorphic
Polymorphic

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16
Q

What rhythm of cardiac arrest can be seen in this ECG?

A

Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia

17
Q

What is Torsades du Point?

A

This is a form of highly irregular, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, translating to “Twisting of the peaks”

18
Q

What rhythm of cardiac arrest is seen on this ECG?

A

Torsades du Pointes

19
Q

What is a precordial thump?

A

This is a thump to the chest that can be given to the lower half of the sternum in patients with Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (rarely effective)

20
Q

What are the 2 main drugs that should be given in cardiac arrest?

A

Adrenaline
Amiodarone

21
Q

When should adrenaline be given in cardiac arrest?

A

Every 3-5 minutes, after 3 shocks

22
Q

When should amiodarone be given in cardiac arrest?

A

After 3 shocks

23
Q

What is meant by ROSC?

A

Return of Spontaneous Circulation
This is the movement of the heart beat back into a functioning beat

24
Q

What is the main sign of return to spontaneous circulation?

A

Rise in ETCO2 (End Tidal CO2)

25
Q

What should be performed after return to spontaneous circulation?

A

ABCDE approach
Urgent cardiac catheterisation and PCI if required
ICU management
Neuro-protective ventilation
Neurological assessment after 72 hours

26
Q

What does ABCDE stand for?

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

27
Q

What is a DNAR?

A

Do Not Attempt Resuscitation
This is a pre-agreed document that prevents the person from receiving CPR if they go into cardiac arrest

28
Q

What can still be performed under a DNAR?

A

Fluids
Antibiotics
Medication

29
Q

Why would someone sign a DNAR?

A

This is usually because the patient is too ill to fully recover from cardiac arrest and their quality of life will be significantly reduced if they were resuscitated

30
Q

What are some reasons why CPR would not be administered?

A

DNAR
In cases of obvious mortal injury
If there is a safety threat to the ALS provider
If there is persistent asystole for >20 minutes

31
Q

What is checked for in A of ABCDE?

A

Talking
Difficulty breathing
Noisy breathing
See-saw breathing

32
Q

What is checked for in B of ABCDE?

A

Respiratory rate
Respiratory effort
Equal air entry
Added sounds
Tracheal deviation
Chest expansion
Percussion
Oxygen saturations

33
Q

What is checked for in C of ABCDE?

A

Colour
Temperature to touch
Capillary refill time
Heart rate
Pulse character
Heart sounds
Blood pressure

34
Q

What is checked for in D of ABCDE?

A

Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
ACVPU
Pupils
Blood glucose
Temperature

35
Q

What is done in E of ABCDE?

A

Clothing removed to allow thorough examination
Avoid heat loss
Maintain dignity

New cardio (28 decks)

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