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ACLS Lifesaver Cource > Cardiac Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Cardiac Arrhythmias Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What are the pulseless rhythms

A
  1. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) VF=Defib
  2. Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)
  3. Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
  4. Asystole
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2
Q

What is the most common rhythm that occurs immediately after cardiac arrest?

A

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib or VF) VF = Defib

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3
Q

There are two types of VF

A
  1. Fine VF

2. Coarse VF

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4
Q

Coarse VF usually occurs immediately after a ____ ____

A

Cardiac Arrest

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5
Q

When does Fine VF usually occur?

A

During prolonged periods of Cardiac Arrest

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6
Q

When VT is present and has NO PULSE, how do you treat it?

A

as VF and VF = Defib

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7
Q

What is Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)?

A

It occurs when the Heart is beating and has a rhythm (Any rhythm) BUT has no pulse

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8
Q

What are the “ H’s and T’s “ ?

A
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Hypovolemia
  3. Hydrogen ion (Acidosis)
  4. Hypo and Hyperkalemia
  5. Hypothermia
  6. Tension pneumothorax
  7. Tamponade, Cardiac
  8. Thrombosis, Pulmonay
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9
Q

What is Asystole?

A

When there is NO detectable activity on EKG

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10
Q

When does Asystole commonly occur?

A
  1. immediately after cardiac arrest

2. it MAY follow VF or PEA or 3rd Degree Block

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11
Q

The treatment of Asystole is the same as ___.

A

PEA

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12
Q

According to the American Heart Association (AHA). How much time is needed to “Call a Code”

A

15 minutes

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13
Q

In general, narrow QRS complexes originate

A

The Atria

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14
Q

In general, wide QRS complexes originate

A

Below the Bundle of His (Ventricles)

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15
Q

There are TWO ways to determine the heart rate

A
  1. ( Q x 10 = HR )
    Count the QRS complexes on a 6 sec. strip and then multiply by 10.
  2. 300-150-100 and 75-60-50
    Memorize ; Start with the FIRST heavy line that the QRS lands on (300) … to the next QRS
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16
Q

Bradycardia occurs when the heart is beating too slowly. usually less than ___ beats per minute.

A

50 bpm

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17
Q

When SYMPTOMATIC bradycardia is present. What are the 3 things you need to do?

A
  1. Provide OXYGEN
  2. Give ATROPINE 0.5 mg
  3. Call for the TRANSCUTANEOUS PACEMAKER.
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18
Q

What constitutes a First-Degree AV Block

A

All “P” waves conduct through the AV node, but they are DELAYED.

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19
Q

First-Degree AV block = a _______ PR ______.

A

Prolonged PR Interval

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20
Q

Second-Degree AV Block TYPE 1 is aka

A

Morbitz 1 or Wencheback

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21
Q

What constitutes a Morbitz 1 / Wencheback block?

A

Some “P” waves conduct through the AV node, but others are BLOCKED.

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22
Q

Morbitz 1, or Wencheback = a _______ Lengthening of the __ interval, followed by a DROPPED ___.

Study These Flashcards
A

Progressive.
PR.
QRS.

23
Q

What constitutes a Second-Degree AV block TYPE 2?

Study These Flashcards
A

Some “P” waves conduct through the AV node, but others are BLOCKED.

24
Q

Second-Degree AV block type 2 = a PR interval stays the ____, but there are ______ ___.

Study These Flashcards
A

Same.
Dropped.
QRS.

25
A Third-Degree AV Block is aka.
A Complete Block
26
What constitutes a Complete Block?
NO "P" waves conduct through the AV node.
27
There are 3 basic groups of Tachycardia?
1. SINUS Tachycardia 2. SUPRAVENTRICULAR Tachycardia (SVT) including also ATRIALVENTRICULAR Tachycardia. 3. VENTRICULAR Tachycardia (VT).
28
Fortunately, there is only one algorithm to treat all of them. What are the KEY factors associated with Tachycardia.
1. Pulse vs. NO Pulse 2. Stable vs. Unstable 3. Regular vs. Irregular. 4. Narrow QRS vs. Wide QRS
29
What constitutes a Sinus Tachycardia?
That ALL components of a normal EKG are present 1. P waves 2. QRS complex 3. T waves
30
Generally what is the SINUS tachycardia rate?
100 to 150 bpm
31
Sinus tachycardia generally ____ and ____ gradually.
Starts | Stops
32
What constitutes Supraventricular Tachycardia?
NARROW QRS complexes.
33
Generally what is the rate for SVT?
Greater than 150 bpm
34
Treatment Question #1 for SVT?
Stable vs. Unstable
35
If the SVT is UNSTABLE, what do you do?
Cardiovert
36
If the SVT is STABLE, what do you do?
Identify question #2: REGULAR vs. IRREGULAR
37
If the SVT is REGULAR or Junctional, what do you do?
1. Vagal maneuvers | 2. Adenosine
38
What are examples of IRREGULAR Tachycardia?
1. A-Fib 2. A-Flutter 3. Multi-focal 4. A-Tachycardia
39
How do you treat a IRREGULAR Tachycardia?
1. Calcium channel blockers | 2. Beta blockers
40
Atrial Tachycardia is an _____ foci, that often begins ______.
Ectopic | suddenly
41
What constitutes a Junctional Tachycardia?
An INVERTED "P" wave.
42
What constitutes a Atrial Fibrillation?
The atria quiver
43
In Atrial Flutter the impulse creates MULTIPLE ___ waves.
"P"
44
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is basically a run of ____
PVC
45
What is question #1 , when treating VT
Pulse or NO Pulse
46
If there is NO Pulse, when treating for VT, What do you do?
De-fibrillate
47
When treating VT: What question should you be asking yourself? 1. Is this patient _________ or ___________?
Stable or Unstable
48
When treating VT: | If the rhythm is Unstable, then what do you do?
Cardiovert
49
When treating VT: | If the rhythm is Stable, then what do you do?
Adenosine. only if its a REGULAR rhythm. | Amiodarone infusion of 150mg over 10 minutes.
50
What is Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia?
The QRS complexes have different SHAPE and AMPLITUDE.
51
In ACLS, how do you treat Polymorphic VT?
The same as VF. | VF =Difib
52
What is Torsades de Pointes?
QRS complexes are in an ALTERNATING pattern
53
What does STEMI stand for?
ST- Elevation MI (myocardial infarction)
54
In a STEMI, what does the Letters "Q", "ST Elevation or depression", and "T inversion" represent in EKG rhythm?
``` Q = Infarction ST = An acute injury T = Ischemia ```

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