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SU18: Internal med COPY > Cardiac Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Cardiac Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

arrhythmia

A
  • variation in normal heartbeat
  • rhythm
  • rate
  • conduction pattern
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2
Q

cause of arrhythmia

A
  • disorders of cellular automaticity and conductivity underlying cause of most arrhythmias
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3
Q

what are some disorders that cause arrhythmia

A
  • CV
  • pulmonary
  • autonomic
  • systemic
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4
Q

arrhythmia is secondary to

A
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • foods
  • drugs
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5
Q

classifications of cardiac arrhythmias

A
  • supraventricular

- ventricular

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6
Q

examples of supraventricular arrhythmias

A
  • sinus nodal disturbances
  • disturbances of atrial rhythm
  • heart block
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7
Q

examples of ventricular arrhythmias

A
  • premature ventricular complexes
  • ventricular tachycardia
  • ventricular fibrillation
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8
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

rapid, disorganized, weak atrial contractions bombard the AV node

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9
Q

what does atrial fibrillation result in?

A

irregular, rapid ventricular contractions

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10
Q

a-fib pre-disposed pts to what?

A

blood clot

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11
Q

what happens if clot travels to RIGHT ventricle on pts with a-fib?

A

pulmonary embolism

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12
Q

what happens if clot travels to LEFT ventricle on pts with a-fib?

A

stroke

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13
Q

heart block

A

impulse slowed or blocked in AV node

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14
Q

what does heart block result in?

A

ventricles may generate a contraction (slower)

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15
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

rapid, regular ventricular contractions

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16
Q

what does ventricular tachycardia result in?

A

inadequate ventricular filling/pumping to body

17
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

rapid, chaotic impulses

18
Q

what does ventricular fibrillation result in?

A

fatal if not restored to normal sinus rhythm within minutes

19
Q

symptoms of arrythmia

A
  • palpitations
  • dizziness
  • syncope
  • and those related to heart failure
20
Q

arrythmia can precipitate what?

A
  • heart failure
  • MI
  • stroke
21
Q

treatment of arrhythmias depend on what?

A
  • depends on symptoms
  • type of arrhythmia
  • and pt
22
Q

treatment for bradycardia

A

implantable pacemakers

23
Q

treatment for tachycardia

A

drugs to normalize rate

24
Q

treatment for arrhythmias to correct irregularity

A
  • antiarrhythmic drugs
  • implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
  • ablation
25
Q

a-fib pts are at an increased risk for what?

A

stroke secondary to thromboembolism

26
Q

mechanism of coumadin (anticoagulant)?

A

inhibit vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor synthesis

27
Q

how is the coagulation tested for pts on coumadin?

A

INR

28
Q

mechanism of pradaxa?

A

antithrombin

29
Q

mechanism for eliquis?

A

direct factor Xa inhibitor

30
Q

mechanism for savaysa?

A

direct factor Xa inhibitor

31
Q

a-fib is considered what type of risk?

A

MAJOR

*significant arrhythmias

32
Q

which CV disease should you defer elective care for?

A
  • high-grade AV blocks

- symptomatic ventricular rhythms

33
Q

abnormal ECG and rhythm other than sinus is considered what type of risk?

A

minor

34
Q

mods to dental treatment for pts with arrhythmia

A
  • profound LA, limit epi
  • stress reduction/decrease anxiety
  • familiarity with implantable devices
  • drug interactions
  • post-procedure analgesia
35
Q

what are you concerned about if you have to perform a surgical procedure in a pt with a-fib?

A

bleeding if anticoagualted with warfarin

  • pt will bleed on you if INR too high
36
Q

when do you want an INR drawn?

A

at least 48 hours before appt

37
Q

what if pt’s INR is >3?

A

no treatment, talk to physician

38
Q

what if pt’s INR is <3?

A

can treat

39
Q

what is normal INR?

A

1-2

SU18: Internal med COPY (25 decks)

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