Cardiac Assessment Flashcards
(46 cards)
Erb’s point
point of transition where S2 or S1 sounds are louder; above the point S2>S1, below S1 >S2
Aortic listening post
2nd ICS on R
Pulmonary valve listening post
2nd ICS on L
Tricuspid valve listening post
5th ICS on R
Mitral valve listening post
5th ICS on L
S1 sound
AV valve closure
S2 sound
semilunar valve closure
Wide physiologic S2 split
increase in splitting during inspiration; caused by pulmonic stenosis or RBBB or mitral regurgitation
Fixed S2 splitting
wide splitting that does not vary with respiration; caused by ASD and RV failure
Paradoxical splitting S2
appears on expiration and disappears on inspiration; aortic valve closure is abnormally delayed, often indicative of LBBB
S3 sound
low pitched sound best heard at apex, normally occurs in children but indicative of LV failure or volume overload in people over 40
S4 sound
low pitched sound best heard at apex, reflects atrial contraction into a non-compliant ventricle; found in aortic stenosis, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease
Systolic murmur at RUSB with a reduced carotid pulse
aortic stenosis
Systolic murmur at LLSB that does not accentuate with inspiration
VSD
Systolic murmur at LLSV that does accentuate with inspiration
tricuspid regurgitation
Holosystolic murmur at cardiac apex
mitral insufficiency
Systolic click with or without a murmur at cardiac apex
mitral valve prolapse
Diastolic murmur at RU or L midsternal border
AI
Diastolic murmur at RLSB in left lateral decubitus position
mitral stenosis, opening snap!
Normal aortic valves become stenotic at what age?
> 75 years of age
Congenital bicuspid aortic valves become stenotic at what age?
40-70 years
Classic triad of aortic stenosis
heart failure, angina, syncope
Heart sounds associated with aortic stenosis
S4 gallop, mid-to-late peaking ejection murmur at RUSB or suprasternal notch that radiates to the neck, S2 split
Gallavardin effect
AS murmur transmitted to apex
