Cardiac Conduction

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the sinus nodes intrinsic rate?

Answer 2

70bpm

Question 3

What heart rate can the atrial muscle generate?

Answer 3

60bpm

Question 4

What heart rate can the AV node generate?

Answer 4

40bpm

Question 5

What heart rate can the ventricular myocardium generate?

Answer 5

30bpm

Question 6

What is automaticity?

Answer 6

Ability of cardiac tissue to generate a heart beat

Question 7

Increased automaticity of the sinus node would cause what heart rate/rhythm?

Answer 7

Sinus tachycardia

Question 8

What do ectopic beats usually generate from?

Answer 8

Atrium for ventricles - increased automaticity

Question 9

How does digoxin toxicity affect the automaticity of the AV node?

Answer 9

Increases it

Question 10

R on T ventricular ectopics can induce what rhythm?

Answer 10

VF

Question 11

What is a normal amount of ectopic beats per day?

Answer 11

<500

Question 12

What is there a risk of if >10% of beats are ectopic?

Answer 12

Ectopic induced cardiomyopathy

Question 13

What common conditions underlie arrhythmias?

Answer 13

IHD
Cardiomyopathy
Valve disease
Channelopathies
Electrolyte disturbance
Thyrotoxicosis

Question 14

What OTC remedies can cause ectopic beats?

Answer 14

Sympathomimetic (decongestion)
Anti-histamine (sedation)

Question 15

What are three main mechanisms of SVT?

Answer 15

Question 16

Criteria for SVT?

Answer 16

Question 17

WPW criteria?

Answer 17

Question 18

WPW is an accessory pathway that connects what?

Answer 18

Atrial and ventricular myocardium

Question 19

What macro-reentry circuits develop in WPW?

Answer 19

Question 20

What atrial stabiliser presents atrial tachycardia?

Answer 20

Bisoprolol

Question 21

What AV node blockers prevent AV nodal reentry?

Answer 21

Bisoprolol
Verapamil

Question 22

What drug is an accessory pathway blocker?

Answer 22

Flecainide

Question 23

How do EP studies and ablation work?

Answer 23

Question 24

What causes sinus tachycardia?

Answer 24

Question 25

What is the commonest serious arrhythmia?

Answer 25

AF

Question 26

What is common in AF?

Answer 26

Question 27

Is AF micro or macro re-entry?

Answer 27

Question 28

Where does clot form in AF?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is CHADSVASC?

Answer 29

Question 30

What drug is most effective in AF?

Answer 30

Amiodarone

Question 31

What drug group is flecainide?

Answer 31

1c

Question 32

What are the types of ablations for pAF?

Answer 32

Question 33

do you continue anticoagulation post ablation?

Answer 33

Question 34

When is DCCV likely to be more successful?

Answer 34

Question 35

When can you DCCV without anticoagulation?

Answer 35

Question 36

How long should you anticoagulate before DCCV?

Answer 36

>3/52

Question 37

Target HR for AF?

Answer 37

<110 or <70 if HF

Question 38

Is Atrial flutter micro or macro re-entry?

Answer 38

Question 39

What isthmus is involved with atrial flutter?

Answer 39

Question 40

Is ablation effective for atrial flutter?

Answer 40

Question 41

Criteria for monomorphic and polymorphic VT?

Answer 41

Question 42

Drug of choice in VT?

Answer 42

Amiodarone

Question 43

How do you overdrive pace?

Answer 43

Pace faster that rhythm (e.g. VT) to break short circuit

Question 44

Steps in VT management?

Answer 44

Question 45

What are the ventricular stabilising drugs?

Answer 45

Question 46

Does long QT induce monomorphic or polymorphic VT?

Answer 46

Polymorphic

Question 47

What electrolyte disorders can pro-long QT?

Answer 47

low K+ Low Mg+

Question 48

drugs that can prolong QT?

Answer 48

Question 49

VT is more likely if?

Answer 49

Question 50

When can SVT causes a regular broad complex tachy?

Answer 50

Question 51

Causes of bradycardias?

Answer 51

Question 52

lbbb criteria?

Answer 52

Question 53

rbbb criteria?

Answer 53

Question 54

1st degree HB criteria?

Answer 54

PR >200ms

Question 55

Wenckebach (Mobitz 1) criteria?

Answer 55

Question 55

Mobitz 2 criteria?

Answer 55

Question 56

Bi-fascicular block criteria?

Answer 56

Normal PR interval Can also get lbbb + 1st degree = bi-fascicular block

Question 57

Acute management of bradycardia?

Answer 57

Question 58

HR and pause criteria for ppm?

Answer 58

Question 59

PPM indications?

Answer 59

Question 60

What is pacemaker syndrome?

Answer 60

Question 61

Where is pacing spike for dual chamber ppm?

Answer 61

after p wave A lead sense, V lead pace

Question 62

Who needs an ICD?

Answer 62

Question 63

What is PMT?

Answer 63

A pacemaker-mediated tachycardia (PMT) can be defined as any condition in which a pacemaker paces the ventricles at rates that are inappropriately fast.