Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

Define blood pressure

Answer 1

The force of blood against arteries

Question 2

What is the cardiac cycle

Answer 2

The event of one heart beat

Question 3

What is the resting HR of an untrained performer

Answer 3

70bpm

Question 4

What is the Resting HR of a trained performer

Answer 4

40bpm

Question 5

What is heart rate

Answer 5

The number of ventricular contractions per minute

Question 6

What is stroke volume

Answer 6

The volume of blood pumped from heart in each beat

Question 7

What is the SV of an untrained performer

Answer 7

70ml

Question 8

What is the resting SV of a trained performer

Answer 8

100ml

Question 9

What is cardiac output

Answer 9

SV X HR

Question 10

What is the cardiac output of untrained and trained performers

Answer 10

5l/m

Question 11

When does SV reach maximal levels

Answer 11

Iight - moderate intensity

Question 12

What is diastole

Answer 12

The period of time where the heart relaxes and fills with blood

Question 13

What is Venus return

Answer 13

How blood is returned to the heart

Question 14

What is systole

Answer 14

Blood being ejected from the atrium

Question 15

Why might stroke volume decrease as intensity increases to maximal intensity

Answer 15

As there is not enough time for diastole

Question 16

What is the range for SV during submaximal intensity

Answer 16

120-200

Question 17

What is the role of the Sino Atrial Node

Answer 17

To create its own cardiac impulse
Send cardiac impulses around walls of atria

Question 18

What is atrial stystole

Answer 18

The cardiac muscles recieving an impulses and contracting

Question 19

What is ventricular diastole

Answer 19

The ventricles filling with blood and relaxing

Question 20

What is the role of the AV node

Answer 20

To delay the impulse so diastole can occur

Question 21

What is ventricular systole

Answer 21

Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart

Question 22

What is the cardiac control centre

Answer 22

The part of the brain that regulates cardiac output

Question 23

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

Answer 23

Increases heart rate via accelerator nerve

Question 24

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

Answer 24

Decreases HR via vagus nerve

Question 25

What is the role of chemo receptors

Answer 25

Detect change in blood pH

Question 26

What is the role of baroreceptors

Answer 26

Detect change in blood pressure

Question 27

What is the role of propio receptors

Answer 27

Detect change in muscle tension

Question 28

What is the effect of adrenaline

Answer 28

Increases HR by stimulating SA node

Question 29

Describe instrinsic change

Answer 29

How the heart detects its own changes such as temperature and contractivity

Question 30

What is the ANS

Answer 30

Autonomic nerve system

Question 31

Explain how neural control of the heart helps maintain the supply of oxygen during excercise

Answer 31

– Neural control is managed by ANS which uses SNS to increase or decrease HR – Chemo receptors detect change in blood pH –information is sent to CCC – CCC sends nerve impulses via accelerator nerve – HR increases due to stimulated SA node – Cardiac output increases

Question 32

Explain how hormonal regulate of the heart during exercise

Answer 32

Hormonal control is controlled by ANS Adrenal is secreted by adrenal glands Stimulating the SA node Resulting in an increase of HR And increase of muscular contraction increasing SV So cardiac output increases

Question 33

Explain the intrinsic mechanism that controls cardiac output

Answer 33

Increase rate of Venus return, increasing SV More blood in heart causes atrial walls to stretch stimulating SA node which increases HR End diastole volume increased stretching walls of LV so ventricles contract with more force causing SV to increase Cardiac output increases Resulting in more oxygenated blood

Question 34

What is the vascular shunt mechanism

Answer 34

The redistribution of blood to working muscles

Question 35

At rest how much blood goes to organs

Answer 35

80-85%

Question 36

At rest how much blood goes muscles

Answer 36

10-15%

Question 37

During excercise how much blood goes to organs

Answer 37

10-15%

Question 38

During excercise how much blood goes to muscles

Answer 38

80-85%

Question 39

What is the conduction system

Answer 39

How electrical impulses work in the heart

Question 40

Explain how redistribution of blood during physical activity occurs

Answer 40

VCC sends messages to where blood is needed More blood is given to working muscles Vessels carrying blood towards working muscles vasolidate Vessels carrying blood towards non working muscles muscles vasoconstrict