Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

My Cardiology > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What phenomenon causes the heart valves to open or close

A

pressure difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What phenomenon causes closure of the mitral valve

A

rise in ventricular pressure above

atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Closure of the mitral valve terminates __________ phase and begins __________ contraction

A

the ventricular filling phase and

begins iso-volumetric contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Isovolumetric contraction

A

no change in ventricular volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which valves are closed during Isovolumetric contraction

A

mitral and aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Opening of _______ valve terminates isovolumetric contraction and
begins the ejection phase

A

aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What occurs during the ejection phase

A

ventricular volume decreases; ventricular and aortic pressures increase initially but decrease
later in phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Closure of _______ valve terminates the ejection phase and begins
isovolumetric relaxation

A

aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Closure of the _______ valve creates the dicrotic notch

A

aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Isovolumetric relaxation

A

no change in ventricular volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Opening of the ______valve terminates isovolumetric relaxation and
begins the ______ phase

A

mitral ; filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normally the

valves on the _____ side of the heart close first

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What phenomenon causes systolic sounds

A

e sudden closure of the heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What phenomenon causes S1

A

the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What phenomenon causes S2

A

the closure of the aortic (A2 component) and pulmonic valves

P2 component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What phenomenon causes S3

A

the opening of the AV valves during the

rapid filling of the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What phenomenon causes S4

A

the atrium contracts against a stiff ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ______ pulse is generated by changes on the right side of the heart

A

jugular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which wave of the jugular pulse has:
• Highest deflection of the venous pulse and produced by the contraction of the right atrium
• Correlates with the PR interval
• Is prominent in a stiff ventricle, pulmonic stenosis, and insufficiency
• Is absent in atrial fibrillation

A

a wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which wave of the jugular pulse has:
• Mainly due to the bulging of the tricuspid valve into the atrium (rise in
right atrial pressure)
• Occurs near the beginning of ventricular contraction (is coincident
with right ventricular isovolumic contraction)
• Is often not seen during the recording of the venous pulse

A

c wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which wave of the jugular pulse has:
Produced by a decreasing atrial pressure during atrial relaxation
• Separated into two segments when the c wave is recorded
• Alterations occur with atrial fibrillation and tricuspid insufficiency

A

x descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which wave of the jugular pulse has:
• Produced by the filling of the atrium during ventricular systole when
the tricuspid valve is closed
• Corresponds to T wave of the EKG
• A prominent v wave would occur in tricuspid insufficiency and right
heart failure

A

v wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which wave of the jugular pulse has:
• Produced by the rapid emptying of the right atrium immediately after
the opening of the tricuspid valve
• A more prominent wave in tricuspid insufficiency and a blunted wave
in tricuspid stenosis.

A

y descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

define cardiac afterload

A

the load that myocytes must contract against to generate CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what two principles are illustrated by Laplace's law
Wall stress increases with increased ventricular pressure and increased ventricular radius 2. Wall stress decreases with increased ventricular thickness
26
What is Laplace's equation
σ = P × r/2h P is ventricular pressure, r is ventricular chamber radius, and h is ventricular wall thickness.
27
Define preload
The amount of “stretch” felt by the filled LV at the end of relaxation (diastole) before contraction (systole)
28
What two mechanisms can influence force generation in cardiac muscle
Change in muscle fiber length Change in contractility or inotropy (independent of fiber length)
29
Is diastole or systole normally longer
diastole
30
pressure is greater on which side of the heart
left side
31
atrial systole is preceded by which wave in the ECG
P wave
32
what happens during atrial systole
increase in pressure | contraction of the atria
33
What happens during isovolumetric ventricular contraction
Closure of AV valves Ventricular pressure ↑ Contract as closed cavities
34
What happens during ventricular systole proper
Opening of semi lunar valves (LV 120mmHg/RV 25mmHg) Ejection of blood (rapid and reduced) Stroke volume (70-80 ml)
35
isovolumetric ventricular contraction occurs during which wave on the ECG
QRS complex
36
What causes the AV valves to close during systole (think pressure)
When the ventricular pressure exceeds the atrial pressure
37
When is the first heart sound (S1) heard and what causes it
During isovolumetric ventricular contraction, closure of the AV valves cause the sound (may be split)
38
General changes during cardiac cycle
``` Electrocardiographic changes- ECG Pressure Volume Flow Phonocardiographic- Heart sounds Jugular venous pressure Aorta with systole and diastole ```
39
isovolumetric ventricular relaxation coincides with which wave on the ECG
End of the T wave because it is when the ventricles have completely repolarized
40
Which valve closes during isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Aortic valve
41
What is the term for when blood flow in the aorta is positive
Dicrotic notch/ incisura
42
When is it normal to heara third heart sound (S3)
only in children
43
What does the third heart sound represent
Blood flowing from the atria into the ventricles
44
True or False: | Length of diastole ↓ with ↓ in heart rate
False. | Length of diastole ↓ with ↑ in heart rate
45
Which phase is the longest phase of the cardiac cycle
Diastasis (reduced ventricular filling)
46
What marks the end of diastole
Atrial systole
47
When are the two physiological heart sounds heard
During phase B and E : | Isovolumetric ventricular contracion and isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
48
Which heart sound is the loudest and longest
S1
49
The S1 heart sounds has what kind of sound quality
Crescendo-decrescendo quality
50
Where is the S1 heart sound heard best
over the apical region of the heart.
51
Describe the frequency and intensity
Higher frequency vibrations and lower intensity
52
The second heart sound is spit during inspiration or expirationi
Inspiration
53
What is termed a protodiastolic gallop or ventricular gallop
S 1 -S 2 -S 3
54
What is termed gallop rhythm, a presystolic gallop or atrial gallop
S 4 -S 1 -S 2
55
What causes the "a" wave in the venous pressure cycle
Atrial systole/contraction
56
Which wave on the ECG is preceded by the "a" wave in the venous pressure cycle
QRS complex
57
"av" wave in the venous pressure cycle is as a result of
relaxation of the right atrium and closure of the tricuspid valve
58
What causes the "c" wave in the venous pressure cycle
Reflects the pressure rise in the right ventricle early during systole
59
The end of which wave on the ECG is corresponds to the "c" wave in the venous pressure cycle
QRS complex
60
What causes the "v" wave in the venous pressure cycle
Filling of the RA against a closed tricuspid valve, which causes right atrial pressure to rise
61
The end of which wave on the ECG is corresponds to the "v" wave in the venous pressure cycle
T wave
62
What causes the "x" wave in the venous pressure cycle
Ventricle contracts and shortens during the ejection phase later in systole.
63
What causes the "y" wave in the venous pressure cycle
Fall in right atrial pressure during rapid ventricular filling

My Cardiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions