Cardiac Disease Flashcards
(18 cards)
Definition of cardio vascular disease
CVD is a general term for the conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels
- also associated with damage to the arteries of the brain, kidneys and eyes
Types of CVD
- coronary heard disease
- cerebral vascular accidents & transient Ischaemic attacks
- peripheral vascular disease
- aortic disease
What is coronary heart disease
When the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed
Include:
- angina
- myocardial infarction
- heart failure
Risks of CHD
Age
Gender
Social deprivation
Smoking
Diet
Exercise
Alcohol
Psychosocial well being
Blood pressure
Cholesterol
Obesity
Diabetes
Ethnicity
Family history
Symptoms of CHD
Only appear when artery is 70-75% occluded
Pain, discomfort, tightness, numbness or burning in chest, arms, shoulders, back, upper abdomen or jaw
Dissiness
SOB
Fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Indigestion
Sweating
Rapid HR
Palpitations
Swollen ankles
What is Angina
Chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart
Usually transient
Types of Angina
Stable - angina Pectoris - happens at predictable times
Unstable - happens when no demands are placed on heart
Variant - prinzmetal - coronary arteries go into spasm
Micro vascular - cardiac syndrome X - affects smallest vessels
Treatment of Angina
Medication - anticoagulants, nitrates
Lifestyle change
Surgery - CABG, angioplasty
What is a Myocardial Infarction MI
Blood supplying oxygen to heart is severely dec or cut off
Results in Ischaemic of heart and scarring
Myocardial infarction diagnosis
Cardiac enzymes
- troponin
- appears after 3-6hrs
- peaks 1-2 days
- lasts 7-10 days
- Creatinine kinase CK
ECG
- ST elevation
- inversion of T wave
- enlarged Q wave
Myocardial infarction symptoms
Sweating or cold, clammy skin
Feeling dizzy
Feeling out of breath
Pain, tingling in upper body
Pain, pressure in chest
Nausea, vomiting
Fast or uneven heartbeat
Myocardial infarction prognosis
Depends on site of infarction
Sudden death
Arrhythmias
Heart failure
Cardiogenic shock
Thrombus formation
Rupture
Myocardial infarction treatment
Drugs - beta-blockers and vasodilators
CABG
Physio involvement
Cardiac catheterisation
What is heart failure
Heart unable to adequately pump blood around the body - due to heart being stiff and weak
- main cause - MI
Other causes:
- cardiomyopathy
- damaged valves
- arrhythmias
- congenital conditions
- viral infections
- chemotherapy
- excessive alcohol
- anaemia
- thyroid disease
Heart failure symptoms and treatment
Symptoms
- SOB
- swollen feet, ankles, stomach, lower back
- fatigue
Treatment
- no cure
- diuretics
- pacemaker
What is heart valve disease
A damaged valve affects the blood flow in 2 ways:
- valve not fully open - obstructs blood flow = narrowing
- valve not close properly - blood leak backwards = valve incompetence
Causes of heart valve disease
Congenital heart disease
Rheumatic fever
Cardiomyopathy
MI
Endocarditis
Aging
Symptoms of heart valve disease
SOB
Ankle swelling
Fatigue
