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TERM 2 N1261 KNLG 1 > CARDIAC DRUGS > Flashcards

CARDIAC DRUGS Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of inotropic drugs?

A

Affect myocardial contractility

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2
Q

What is the purpose of chronotropic durgs?

A

Affect heart rate

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3
Q

What is the purpose of dromotropic drugs?

A

Affect speed of electrical conduction in the heart

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4
Q

Which group of drugs end with the suffix -pril?

A

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors

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5
Q

Which group of drugs end with the suffix -sartan

A

ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers)

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6
Q

Which group of drugs end with the suffix -lol

A

Beta blockers

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7
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Prevent stimulation of heart by catecholamines; causes reduced heart rate, conduction, and contractility

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8
Q

What are the effects of angiotensin II?

A

Vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion

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9
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Stimulate sodium and water resorption to increase blood pressure

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10
Q

Define ejection fraction

A

Amount of blood ejected from the heart with each contraction

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11
Q

Define left ventricular end diastolic volume

A

Amount of blood in the ventricle just before contraction

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12
Q

What is a normal ejection fraction?

A

65%

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13
Q

Why is kidney failure related to heart failure?

A

Blood supply to kidney is decreased in heart failure, increasing presence of waste products in blood

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14
Q

What clinical manifestation may indicate cardiac glycoside toxicity?

A

Flickering lights or halos around lights

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15
Q

What lab result may indicate digoxin toxicity?

A

Elevated potassium

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16
Q

What adverse cardiac effect is most likely to occur with IV milrinone?

A

Ventricular dysrhythmia

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17
Q

Name 3 therapeutic effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A
  1. Positive inotropic effects
  2. Vasodilation
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18
Q

Name an example of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

A

Milrinone

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19
Q

Name an example of a cardiac glycoside

A

Digoxin

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20
Q

Milrinone is contraindicated in which 3 conditions?

A

Aortic or pulmonary valve disorder, diastolic heart failure

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21
Q

Which 5 assessments should be performed in clients taking positive inotropic drugs?

A

Apical pulse, lung sounds, daily weights, serum electrolytes, and RBC count

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22
Q

What is the therapeutic range of digoxin?

A

0.5-1 ng/mL

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23
Q

What digoxin level may indicate toxicity?

A

Higher than 2.4 ng/mL

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24
Q

Which drugs are considered inodilators?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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25
Digoxin should NOT be taken with which foods?
Wheat bran and dairy
26
What drug is contraindicated with ACE inhibitors?
Potassium chloride. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin and therefore aldosterone production. Aldosterone is responsible for potassium excretion, so taking potassium can result in hyperkalemia.
27
What lab test should be checked before administering eplerenone?
Serum electrolytes, because it is a potassium sparing diuretic.
28
Which calcium channel blocker is used to prevent cerebral artery spasms after a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Nimodipine, because it crosses the blood-brain barrier
29
Which 2 classes of antihypertensives do Black people respond best to?
Diuretics and calcium channel blockers
30
What is the classification of labetalol hydrochloride?
Dual action alpha1 and beta blocker
31
What group of anti-anginal drugs includes nitroglycerine and isosorbide?
Nitrates
32
Name 5 kinds of diuretics
1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) 2. Loop diuretics 3. Osmotic diuretics 4. Potassium-sparing diuretics 5. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
33
What is the purpose of carbonic anhydrase?
Makes hydrogen ions that body exchanges for sodium and water that are resorbed back into blood.
34
What is another therapeutic effect of CAIs?
Increase oxygenation during hypoxia.
35
What is a negative effect of CAIs?
Elevation of blood glucose.
36
What is an example of a CAI?
Acetazolamide
37
What is the action of loop diuretics?
Block chloride resorption and secondarily sodium resorption
38
What is an example of a loop diuretic?
Furosemide (Lasix)
39
What is the action of osmotic diuretics?
Increases osmotic pressure in filtrate to pull fluid into renal tubules from tissues and inhibit tubular resorption.
40
What is an example of an osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
41
What is the action of potassium sparing diuretics?
Block aldosterone receptors to block resorption of sodium and water.
42
What are 2 examples of a potassium sparing diuretics?
1. Spironolactone 2. Triamterene
43
What are 2 actions of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?
1. Inhibits resorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride to result in osmotic water loss. 2. Direct relaxation of arterioles to reduce peripheral vascular resistance (afterload)
44
What are 2 examples of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics?
Hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone
45
Which group of drugs may interact with loop diuretics?
NSAIDs
46
What is an adverse event associated with loop and thiazide diuretics?
Decreased serum potassium
47
What lab result would be concerning in a patient taking spironolactone?
Hyperkalemia (higher than ~5.2)
48
What is a negative effect of thiazide diuretics?
Elevated blood glucose
49
When should loop diuretics be taken?
At the same time every morning
50
What adverse events associated with loop diuretics are directly linked to patient safety?
Orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness, dizziness
51
What drug group may cause ototoxicity if taken with furosemide?
Aminoglycosides
52
Why would a physician prescribe spironolactone and furosemide together?
Promotes diuresis but prevents hypokalemia
53
Name 3 foods that are a source of potassium
Potatoes, meats, bananas
54
What are 3 common adverse events related to potassium sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia, dizziness, headache
55
Which laboratory test result is a common adverse effect of furosemide?
Hypokalemia
56
Why would a health care provider prescribe furosemide for a patient with a history of renal insufficiency?
Furosemide continues to be effective even in impaired renal function
57
Why is mannitol contraindicated in patients with anuria?
Mannitol does not influence urine production, it only increases existing urine output.
58
If the patient asks about taking potassium supplements with spironolactone, what should the nurse say?
Spironolactone is potassium sparing, so no need to take supplements.
59
What is the diuretic used for pulmonary edema?
Furosemide
60
What is a possible adverse effect from taking triamterene?
Hyperkalemia
61
What is a common symptom of hypokalemia?
Muscle weakness
62
What are three indications for acetazolamide?
1. Open angle glaucoma 2. High altitude sickness 3. Edema associated with heart failure
63
Explain the action of ARBs
Vasodilation
64
Explain the action of cardiac glycosides
Inhibits sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase pump to cause increase in intracellular sodium and calcium concentration; Increased contractility, decreased heart rate, decreased conduction

TERM 2 N1261 KNLG 1 (3 decks)

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