Cardiac Drugs

Question 1

inotropes

Answer 1

change contractility of the heart. sites: ventricles and atria. positive inotrope drugs: Digoxin, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Amrinone, Milronone, Pimobendan

Question 2

chronotrope

Answer 2

changes heart rate. site SA node.

Question 3

dromotropic

Answer 3

changes conduction velocity. site: AV node and atria/ventricles

Question 4

Digoxin: class

Answer 4

cardiac glycoside

Question 5

Digoxin: MOA

Answer 5

inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase: weak, positive inotrope (increases CO). acts on vagal nuclei to decrease HR: negative chronotrope

Question 6

Dopamine: class

Answer 6

catecholamine

Question 7

Dopamine: MOA

Answer 7

alpha (non-selective) and beta1 agonist. dopaminergic receptors. positive inotrope (increases CO)

Question 8

Dobutamine: class

Answer 8

synthetic catecholamine

Question 9

Dobutamine: MOA

Answer 9

Beta agonist (B1>B2). and mild alpha 1. positive inotrope (increases CO)

Question 10

Amrinone and milronone: class

Answer 10

PDE3 inhibitor

Question 11

Amrinone and milronone: MOA

Answer 11

inhibits PDE3. positive inotrope (increases CO). not used frequently.

Question 12

Pimobendan: class

Answer 12

Ca2+ sensitizer

Question 13

Pimobendan: MOA

Answer 13

INCREASE AFFINITY OF TROPONIN C FOR Ca2+, THIS SENSITIZES THE CONTRACTILE APPARATUS TO ENHANCE CONTRACTILITY. positive inotrope (increases CO)

Question 14

Anti-arrhythmics classes: “NoBody Kills Cats” stands for?

Answer 14

Class 1: block Na+ channels
Class 2: Beta blockers
Class 3: K+ channel blockers
Class 4: Ca2+ channel blockers

Question 15

drugs in class 1A

Answer 15

quinidine, procainamide

Question 16

what does class 1A do to action potential?

Answer 16

prolongs action potential, makes cell less excitable

Question 17

drugs in class 1B

Answer 17

lidocaine, mexiletine

Question 18

what does class 1B do to action potential?

Answer 18

shortens action potential

Question 19

drugs in class 1C

Answer 19

flecainide, propafenone

Question 20

what does class 1C do to action potential?

Answer 20

no obvious change

Question 21

drugs in class 2

Answer 21

atenolol, propranolol, esmolol, solatol

Question 22

what do class 2 drugs do

Answer 22

decrease HR and contractility

Question 23

drugs in class 3

Answer 23

solatol, amiodorone

Question 24

what do class 3 drugs do

Answer 24

delay depolarization, leads to increase in AP, makes cell less excitable

Question 25

drugs in class 4

Answer 25

verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine

Question 26

what do class 4 drugs do

Answer 26

decrease HR and contractility

Question 27

atenolol: selectivity? half-life/dosing? BBB?

Answer 27

B1 selective, half life 5-6 hrs, dosed every 12. does NOT cross BBB.

Question 28

propranolol: selectivity? half-life/dosing? BBB?

Answer 28

Beta NON selective. half-life <2 hrs, dosed every 8. Crosses BBB.

Question 29

esmolol: selectivity? half-life/dosing? BBB?

Answer 29

Beta 1 selective. very short half life, dosed IV/CRI. does NOT cross BBB.

Question 30

solatol: selectivity? half-life/dosing? BBB?

Answer 30

beta NON selective. half life 5-6 hrs. does NOT cross BBB

Question 31

vasodilator drugs

Answer 31

nitroglycerin, nitroprusside sodium, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, sildenafil, enalapril, benazpril

Question 32

what do venodilators do?

Answer 32

relax vein smooth muscle and decrease preload

Question 33

what do arteriodilators do?

Answer 33

relax vein smooth muscle or arterioles and decrease afterload

Question 34

Nitroglycerin

Answer 34

venodilator, works via increasing NO

Question 35

Nitroprusside sodium

Answer 35

venodilator AND arteriodilator. works via increasing NO

Question 36

verapamil

Answer 36

arteriodilator. works via blocking Ca2+ channels (class 4)

Question 37

diltiazem

Answer 37

WEAK ARTERIODILATOR! works via blocking Ca2+channels. (class 4)

Question 38

amlodipine

Answer 38

areriodilator. works via blocking Ca2+ channels (class 4)

Question 39

sildenafil

Answer 39

venodilator AND arteriodilator. works via PDE5 inhibition

Question 40

enalipril

Answer 40

venodilator AND arteriodilator. works via ACE INHIBITION. (prevents angiotensin 2 formation)

Question 41

benazpril

Answer 41

venodilator AND arteriodilator. works via ACE inhibition (prevents angiotensin 2 formation)