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SPR2015_WEEK4 > Cardiac embryology and congenital heart disease 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac embryology and congenital heart disease 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Early cardiogenesis

male and female gametes fuse –> ____

A

fertilization

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2
Q

Early cardiogenesis

Unicellular zygote goes through a _____ resulting in ___ –> morula

A

series of cleave

increased number of cells

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3
Q

Early cardiogenesis

Morula transforms into a ___

A

blastocyst

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4
Q

early cardiogenesis process

A

1) male/female gamete fuse –> fertilization
2) unicellular zygote undergoes many cleavages –> morula
3) morula transform into a blastocyst

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5
Q

3 components of blastocyst

A

1) outer cell mass = trophoblast
2) inner cell mast = embryoblast
3) central cavity = blastocyst cavity

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6
Q

what is outer cell mass in blastocyst called

A

trophoblast

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7
Q

what is inner cell mass in blastocyst called

A

embryoblast

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8
Q

2 layers of embryoblast

A

external = epiblast

internal = hypoblast

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9
Q

what do the 2 layers of embryoblast form?

A

flat disc = embryonic disc

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10
Q

where are the precardiac cells located in blastocyst stage?

A

located in epiblast on either side of primitive streak

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11
Q

what happens to epiblast cells in blastocyst stage

A

epiblast cells invaginate down thru prim streak

–> intraembryonic mesoderm

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12
Q

what do epiblast cells become after migrating through prim treak

A

intraembryonic mesoderm

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13
Q

how many layers in gastrula

what are the layers called

A

3 layers
1) external = ectoderm

2) middle = mesoderm
3) internal = endoderm

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14
Q

where are precardiac cells in gastrula

A

precardiac cells in mesoderm

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15
Q

what happens to precardiac cells in gastrula

A

precardiac cells migrate cephalically (toward head)

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16
Q

when does heart begin developing in embryo?

A

day 16

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17
Q

where are pre-cardiac cells on day 16

A

in the cardiogenic area near cranial end

derived from mesodermal cells

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18
Q

what is cardiogenic area derived from

A

mesoderm

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19
Q

what happens to precardiac cells in cardiogenic area

on day 19

A

migrate so now ventral to forebrain and foregut

coalesce to form 2 endocardial tubes

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20
Q

when do precardiac cells in cardiogenic area begin to form 2 endocardial tubes

A

day 19

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21
Q

what happens after heart tube forms on day 19

A

heart tubes become lined with endothelial cell

splanchnic mesoderm surrounds heart tube

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22
Q

what surrounds heart tubes on day 19

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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23
Q

what happens by day 21-22

A

tubes fuse together due to cephalic and lateral folding of embryo –> primitive hear ttube

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24
Q

when does heart begin to beat

A

DAY 22

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25
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER PRIMITIVE heart tube formed?
pre-loop loop post-loop with septation
26
when does pre-loop stage form?
day 22
27
what happens in preloop stage on day 22
AV sulcus becomes the intraventricular septum primitive ventricle = trabeculated portion of LV proximal portion of bulbus cordis = trabeculated portion of RV blood flow
28
what creates the primitive ventricle | when happens?
day 22 comes from trabeculated portion of LV
29
what is the proximal portion of Bulbus Cordis
trabeculated portion of RV
30
what is the primordium of the trabeculated portion of RV also correspond to
proximal Bulbus cordis
31
when does blood flow begin
day 22
32
what happens to inner and outer layers of hear ttube
inner layer = endothelial lining --> endocardium outer layer = mesoderm (epimyocardium) --> myocardium and epicardium
33
what is in between the inner and outer layer of heart tube
cardiac jelly (important in looping and septation)
34
what happens in looping stage during day 23-25
cardiac tube grows longitudinally at faster rate than rest of embryo heart loops to right of embryo (D-loop)
35
what direct does heart loop?
to the right of embryo (D-loop)
36
how do primitive atria rotate during looping?
rotate posteriorly behind the RV and LV
37
how does axis of AV canal change with looping?
initially cephalic to caudal --> becomes posterior to anterior
38
what happens in early post-loop stage | day 26-28
ventricles and atria now aligned SEPTATION BEGINS ventricular septum visible as outpouching
39
when does septation begin?
day 26-28 | post-loop
40
what is anatomic correlate of bulbis cordis
trabeulated portion of RV
41
what is anatomic correlate of primitive ventricle
trabeculated portion of LV
42
what is anatomic correlate of conus
infundibula (outflow tract) of both ventricles
43
what is anatomic correlate of primtiive atria
left and right atrial appendages
44
what is anatomic correlate of truncus
aortic and pulm valves aoscending aorta pulm trunk
45
how does blood flow begin?
day 25 1) blood enter heart tube THROUGH SINUS VENOSUS VIA 3 SETS OF VEINS 1) umbilical vein (brings O2 blood) and disappears after birth 2) vitelline vein (brings nutrients from yolk sac) 3) cardinal vein (drains waste)
46
what is sinus venosus
where blood flow initially enters heart tube thru 3 veins
47
what is fxn of umbilical vein
drains blood from placenta thru sinus venosus
48
what is fxn of vitelline vein
drains blood from yolk sac thru sinus venosus
49
what is fxn of cardinal vein
drains blood from embryo thru sinus venosus
50
how do systemic veins develop
1) sinus venosus communicate with primitive atria via SA orifice 2) right and left sinus venous valve prevent flow reversal into sinus venosus w/ atrial contraction
51
what are components of right sinus venous valve
1) eustachion valve 2) IVC 3) thebsian vlave (guards coronary sinus)
52
what happens to left sinus venous valve
absorbed into atrial septum
53
what is anatomic correlate of right umbilical vein
disappears
54
what is anatomic correlate of left umbilical vein
distal --> ductus venosus (disappear after birth)
55
what is anatomic correlate of right vitelline vein
distal --> superior mesenteric artery proximal --> suprahepatic IVC (contribute to hepatic sinusoids)
56
what is anatomic correlate of left vitelline vein
contribute to hepatic sinusoids
57
what is anatomic correlate of right cardinal vein
SVC brachiocephalic vein inominate veins
58
what is anatomic correlate of left cardinal vein
ligament of Marshall
59
what is anatomic correlate of left sinus horn *skip*
distal --> ligament of Marshall proximal --> coronary sinus
60
what is anatomic correlate of right sinus horn *skip*
absorbed into RA
61
how do pulm veins develop
part of splanchnic plexus --> pulm venous plexus --> pulm veins
62
how does common pulm vein develop
endothelail projection from LA connects pulm venous plexus
63
how does right and left pulm veins develop
lumen forms and common vein branches
64
when does atrial and ventricular septation occur
days 28-42
65
when does great artery form
days 35-56
66
great artery formation septation of conus
1) in early post-loop stage, 4 masses on inside wall of conus moving inward - -> dextrodorsal and sinstroventral conal crests 2) conal crests (moving down) fuse with ventricular septum (moving up) caudally
67
great artery formation what are the 4 masses on inside wall of conus in septation of conus
dextrodorsal and sinistroventral conal crests
68
great artery formation septation of truncus
1) mass in truncus | dextrosuperior and sinistroinferior truncal swelling
69
great artery formation septation of truncus what does right intercalated swelling become
noncoronary aortic cusp
70
great artery formation septation of truncus what does left intercalated swelling become
anteiror pulm cusp
71
great artery formation spiraling of septation
forms in spiral aorticopulm septum originates as extracardiac septum in aortic sac and separates aorta and pulm superioventral conal crest continuous with sinistroinferior truncal swelling dextrodorsal CC continuous with dextrosuperior truncal swelling
72
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a
73
a
a
74
view of pulmonary artery at great artery level
pulm artery is posterior and to left aorta anterior and to right
75
view of pulmonary valve at semiunar valve level
pulm valve is anterior and to left aorta valve posterior to right
76
view of pulmonary infundibulum at infundibular level
pulm infundibulum is anterior and to right of aortic infudnibulum aortic infundibulum is now posterior to left
77
where do ascending and descending aorta come from
ascending aorta = aortic sac | descending aorta = left dorsal
78
what is anatomic correlate of 1st aortic arch
1st to disappear | maxillary and external carotid arteries
79
what is anatomic correlate of 2nd aortic arch
disappears | dorsal --> stapedial artery
80
what is anatomic correlate of 3rd aortic arch
carotid arteries
81
what is anatomic correlate of 4th aortic arch
right --> right brachiocephalic/right subclavian left --> transverse aortic arch
82
what is anatomic correlate of 5th aortic arch
disappears
83
what is anatomic correlate of 6th aortic arch
prox, right --> prox right pulm artery prox, left --> prox left pulm artery distal, left --> ductus arteriosus

SPR2015_WEEK4 (14 decks)

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