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MedSurg > Cardiac Meds > Flashcards

Cardiac Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Classification:

A

Loop diuretic

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2
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Uses

A

Rapid Diuresis

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3
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Pertinent Labs

A

Potassium 🍌, renal indices (renal failure index)

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4
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Key adverse effects

A

Hypokalemia ⬇️🍌 and postural hypotension with too rapid diuresis

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5
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO 👅 or IV
Monitor Urine Output

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6
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Classification:

A

Thiazide diuretic

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7
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Uses:

A

milder PO 👅 diuretic 💦

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8
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Pertinent Labs:

A

Potassium 🍌, renal indices

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9
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension, hypokalemia ⬇️🍌

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10
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Nursing Considerations:

A

PO 👅, may cause hyperglycemia ⏫🍭 in diabetic pts.

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11
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Classification

A

Potassium Sparing Diuretic;
Antihypertensive

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12
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Uses

A

Mild PO 👅 diuretic
Hypertension
Hypokalemia ⬇️🍌

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13
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Pertinent Labs

A

Potassium 🍌

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14
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hyperkalemia ⏫🍌

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15
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Use with caution in renal pts
Contraindicated in those with hyperkalemia ⏫🍌 or acute renal failure

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16
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Classification

A

Electrolyte supplement

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17
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Uses

A

Hypokalemia ⬇️🍌

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18
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Pertinent labs

A

Potassium 🍌
Renal indices

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19
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Key adverse effects

A

Hyperkalemia ⏫🍌

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20
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Nursing Considerations

A

PO or IVPB (NEVER push)
Contraindicated in renal pts or those with hyperkalemia ⏫🍌
Use with caution in pts taking a potassium sparing diuretic

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21
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Classification

A

ACE inhibitor

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22
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Uses

A

Lowers BP
Prevents ventricular remodeling ❤️🛠

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23
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Pertinent Labs

A

Creatinine
Potassium 🍌

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24
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Key adverse effects

A

Hypotension
Cough
Elevated potassium

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25
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO 👅
Monitor BP
Watch for signs of angioedema 🤥 and anaphylaxis especially in African Americans 👩🏾‍🦳
UWC in renal pts

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26
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)
Classification

A

Angiotension Receptor Blocker (ARB)

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27
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)
Uses

A

Hypertension

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28
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)
Pertinent labs

A

BUN/Cr

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29
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Allergic reaction

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30
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO 👅
Watch for signs of facial and tongue swelling 🤥, wheezing, and dyspnea

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31
Q

Metropolol (Lopressor)
Classification

A

Beta-adrenergic blocker

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32
Q

Metropolol (Lopressor)
Uses

A

Lowers BP and HR

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33
Q

Metropolol (Lopressor)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bradycardia ⬇️❤️

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34
Q

Metropolol (Lopressor)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO 👅 or IV
Use with caution in asthma/COPD
Only hold with MD order

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35
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)
Classification

A

Beta-blocker with alpha-blocking activity

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36
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)
Uses

A

Lowers BP and HR

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37
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension
Bradycardia ⬇️❤️

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38
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO

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39
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Classification

A

Calcium channel blocker
Antianginal
Antiarrhythmic

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40
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Uses

A

Angina
Hypertension
Atrial fib/flutter

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41
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Pertinent labs

A

Liver function
Renal function

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42
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Major conduction problems i.e. heart blocks
Bradycardia

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43
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO or IV
EKG, HR, and BP monitoring with IV
Continuous infusion with IV pump

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44
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Classification

A

Calcium channel blocker
Antianginal

45
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Uses

A

Angina
Hypertension

46
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Key adverse effects

A

Peripheral edema

47
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Nursing considerations

A

PO
Monitor BP
Does not effect conduction or contractility of the ❤️

48
Q

Lanoxin (Digoxin)
Classification

A

Inotropic medication
Cardiac glycoside

49
Q

Lanoxin (Digoxin)
Uses

A

Lowers HR and increases myocardial contractility in pts with CHF

50
Q

Lanoxin (Digoxin)
Pertinent labs

A

Digoxin level
Potassium

51
Q

Lanoxin (Digoxin)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bradycardia
Nausea 🤢
Visual disturbances 😵‍💫

52
Q

Lanoxin (Digoxin)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO or IV
Obtain apical pulse for 1 minute before administration
Hold digoxin if HR < 60
Increased risk for toxicity if hypokalemia

53
Q

Nitroglycerin
Classification

A

Vasodilator
Antianginal
Nitrate

54
Q

Nitroglycerin
Uses

A

Decreases preload and afterload

55
Q

Nitroglycerin
Pertinent labs

A

Cardiac enzymes

56
Q

Nitroglycerin
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension
HA

57
Q

Nitroglycerin
Nursing Considerations

A

IV, Transdermal, PO, SL
Evaluate chest pain prior to every SL dose
Monitor chest pain and BP during use

58
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)
Classification

A

Antilipemic

59
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)
Uses

A

Lowers cholesterol levels

60
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)
Pertinent labs

A

Liver profile

61
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Muscle aches
Joint aches
HA

62
Q

Simvastatin (Zocor)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO

63
Q

Lipid-Altering Agents
Classification

A

Statins
Fibric acid derivatives
Bile acid sequestrants
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
Nicotinic acid

64
Q

Lipid-Altering Agents
Uses

A

Alter lipid levels. Each drug used based on pts underlying lipid abnormality.

65
Q

Lipid-Altering Agents
Key Adverse Effects

A

Muscle aches
Hepatic dysfunction

66
Q

Lipid-Altering Agents
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Often given at night
SE can often be managed by adjusting dose

67
Q

Contrast Dye
Uses

A

To enhance imaging during CTs, angiograms, MRI

68
Q

Contrast Dye
Pertinent labs

A

Creatine and GFR

69
Q

Contrast Dye
Key Adverse Effects

A

Contrast induced nephropathy esp in those with CKD and DM
Allergy to dye

70
Q

Contrast Dye
Nursing Considerations

A

IV forms all contain iodine
PO may be iodine free
Monitor renal labs before and after procedure
Pts at r/f renal damage, prehydrate

71
Q

Heparin
Classification

A

Anticoagulant

72
Q

Heparin
Uses

A

Prevents enlargement of existing clots and formation of new clots

73
Q

Heparin
Pertinent labs

A

aPTT
Pltlt count

74
Q

Heparin
Key Adverse Effect

A

BLEEDING/hemorrhage

75
Q

Heparin
Nursing Considerations

A

IV or SQ
SQ injections: give in abdoment >/= 2 inches from umbilicus, do not aspirate, do not massage area
Dose muse be peer verified before administration
Antidote: protamine sulfate

76
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Classification

A

LMW heparin

77
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Uses

A

Prevent DVT in at risk pts

78
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bleeding
Injection site hematoma

79
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Nursing Considerations

A

Administer in the love handles
Only SQ
Do not expel air bubble from syringe
Do not massage injection site

80
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)
Classification

A

Facto Xa inhibitor
Direct oral anticoagulants

81
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)
Uess

A

Prevention or treatment of DVT, PE, stroke

82
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)
Key adverse effects

A

Bleeding

83
Q

Apixaban (Eliquis)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Coagulation testing limited
No “bridge” from continuous heparin needed
Antidote available

84
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Classification

A

Factor Xa inhibitor
Direct oral anticoagulants

85
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Uses

A

Afib
DVT/PE
CAD

86
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bleeding

87
Q

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Coagulation testing limited
No “bridge” from continuous heparin needed
Antidote available

88
Q

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Classification

A

Anticoagulant

89
Q

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Uses

A

Prevention of stroke, MI, DVT, and pulmonary embolism

90
Q

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Pertinent labs

A

PT/INR

91
Q

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bleeding

92
Q

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Regular monitoring of INR
Must “bridge” from continuous heparin
Antidote: vitamin K and FFP

93
Q

Vitamin K (Mephyton)
Uses

A

Reversal of anticoagulation d/t warfarin

94
Q

Vitamin K (Mephyton)
Pertinent Labs

A

PT/INR

95
Q

Vitamin K (Mephyton)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO most common

96
Q

Vitamin K (Mephyton)
Key Adverse Effects

A

If anticoagulant reversed too much, increase risk of stroke, MI, PE

97
Q

Alteplase
Classification

A

Thrombolytic agent
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

98
Q

Alteplase
Uses

A

Clot buster in acute stroke, PT, STEMI
To restore function in clotted central line

99
Q

Alteplase
Pertinent labs

A

CBC
aPTT
PT/INR

100
Q

Alteplase
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hemorrhage

101
Q

Alteplase
Nursing Considerations

A

IV
Initiates local fibrinolysis by binding to fibrin within the clot and converting plasminogen to plasmin
CAREWFUL MONITORING OF PT BP, HR, EKG, neuro status, s/s of bleeding

102
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Classification

A

AntiplateletClopidogrel (Plavix)

103
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Uses

A

Stroke/MI prevention

104
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Pertinent labs

A

Pltlt count

105
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bleeding

106
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Use with. CAUTION in pts taking other medications that promote bleeding
Contraindicated if actively bleeding

107
Q

Aspirin
Classification

A

NSAID
Antiplatelet

108
Q

Aspirin
Key Adverse Effects

A

Bleeding

109
Q

Aspirin
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Can be ototoxic and cause ringing in the ears

MedSurg (6 decks)

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