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cardiac meds Flashcards

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1
Q

cardiac meds: pt teaching
- teach pt how to obtain ___ and when to call ___
- ___ positions slowly
- avoid ____
- if you miss a dose ____
- avoid hot ____ and hot ____
- keep a ___ with your BP checks
- may cause ____ and ____
- Take at ____

A
  • vitals, MD
  • change
  • alcohol
  • call primary doc
  • baths, tubs
  • journal
  • impotence, drowsiness
  • night
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2
Q

cardiac meds: nursing considerations
- assess ___ and ___ before and after administering
- assess for ____ before ambulating
- pt may feel ____ with all BP meds
- all these meds can cause low ___ or low ___
- start ___ hours after discontinuing an epidural

A
  • BP, pulse (apical)
  • orthostatic hypotension
    fatigue
  • BP, HR
  • 6
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3
Q

Alpha-1 blockers ending

A

-osin

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4
Q

Alpha-1 blockers drug names

A
  • doxazosin (caardura)
  • prazosin (minipres)
  • terazosin (hytrin)
  • tamsulosin (flomax)
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5
Q

Alpha-1 blockers: reason for taking

A

hypertension

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6
Q

Alpha-1 blockers: action

A

dilates arterioles and venous blood vessels by blocking alpha-1 receptors

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7
Q

Alpha-1 blockers: adverse reactions/side effects

A
  • first dose effect
  • dizziness
  • headache
  • nasal congestion
  • tachycardia
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8
Q

Alpha-1 blockers: contraindications

A
  • MAOI’s
  • kidney/renal failure
  • other CNS depressants
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9
Q

Alpha-1 blockers: routes

A

PO

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10
Q

Alpha-1 blockers:
1. monitor for cns depression because it blocks ____ and ____.
2. may take ___ to ___ weeks before you see results.
3. capsule is ____ in ____.
4. notify MD if pt is having ____ surgery.

A
  • epinephrine, norepinephrine
  • 1, 2
  • excreted, stools
  • cataract
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11
Q

Alpha-1 blockers: flomax causes ____ muscle relaxation in bladder.

A

smooth

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12
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator) ending

A
  • dine
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13
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): drug name

A

clonidine (catapres)

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14
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): reason for taking

A
  • hypertension
  • opioid withdrawal
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15
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): action

A

stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the brain, which inhibit the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

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16
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): adverse reactions/side effects

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • rebound hypertension
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • dry mouth
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17
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): contraindications

A
  • acute HF
  • severe liver disease
    MAOI’s
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18
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): routes

A

PO, topical patch

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19
Q

Alpha 2 agonist (stimulator): What causes rebound hypertension?

A

stopping abruptly

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20
Q

for dry mouth, how do you help the pt?

A

give sugarless gum and water

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21
Q

Beta Blocker: ending

A
  • olol
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22
Q

Beta Blocker: drug names

A
  • metoprolol (lopressor)
  • atenolol (tenormin)
  • propranolol (inderal)
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23
Q

Beta Blocker: reason for taking

A
  • hypertension
  • heart failure
  • angina
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24
Q

Beta Blocker: action

A

blocks beta receptors which decrease effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine

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25
Beta Blocker: adverse reactions/ side effects
- rebound hypertension - fatigue - cold hands and feet
26
Beta Blocker: contraindications
- severe bradycardia - sick sinus syndrome - KDA
27
Beta Blocker: routes
PO, IV
28
Beta Blocker: 1. what do you check before administering? 2. pts HR is 45 bpm, what should you do, if anything? 3. pts should take this medicine at the ____ every day. 4. diabetics need to monitor their _____ bc it interferes with insulin production and will lower blood sugar.
- BP, HR (apical) - not administer, call MD - same time - glucose
29
Ace Inhibitors: ending
- pril
30
Ace Inhibitors: drug names
- captopril (capton) - enalapril (vasotec)
31
Ace Inhibitors: reason for taking
- hypertension - especially in pts with heart failure
32
Ace Inhibitors: action
prevents the conversion of angiotensin 1 into vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2 in the lungs.
33
Ace Inhibitors: adverse reactions/ side effects
- dry hacking cough - angioedema - hyperkalemia
34
Ace Inhibitors: contraindications
- renal impairment - pregnancy/breastfeeding - hyperkalemia
35
Ace Inhibitors: routes
PO, IV
36
Ace Inhibitors: 1. when should the pt notify their doctor? 2. what labs would you check for this medication? why? 3. take this medication ___ hour before meals. 4. what foods need to be avoided and why?
- chronic dry cough - BUN+creatinine, serum potassium - one - foods with high potassium (ex: tomatoes, kale, bananas)
37
Ace Inhibitors: - can cause change in ___ due to sodium release - protect kidneys by decreasing ____ - ____ proteinuria
- sodium - GFR - decreases
38
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): ending
- sartan
39
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): drug names
- valsartan (diovan) - Irbesartan (avapro)
40
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): reason for taking
- hypertension (especially pts who experience a cough with ACE inhibitors)
41
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): action
binds with angiotensin 2 receptors in smooth muscle and blocks vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
42
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): contraindications
- pregnant/ breastfeeding - renal/hepatic failure
43
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): adverse reactions/ side effects
- dry mouth - hypoglycemia - dizziness
44
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): route
PO
45
Angiotensin-renin blockers (ARBs): 1. caution if taking with ____. 2. which labs are important to monitor if any?
- digoxin - bun and creatinine, ALT/AST, serum glucose
46
Calcium Channel Blockers: ending
- pine
47
Calcium Channel Blockers: drug name
amlodipine (norvasc)
48
Calcium Channel Blockers: reason for taking
- hypertension - heart failure - angina
49
Calcium Channel Blockers: action
blocks calcium from entering cells causing blood vessels to relax
50
Calcium Channel Blockers: adverse reactions/ side effects
- gingival hyperplasia - warm flush skin - prolonged headaches
51
Calcium Channel Blockers: contraindications
- CAD - elderly
52
Calcium Channel Blockers: routes
PO, IV
53
Calcium Channel Blockers: 1. what lab would you monitor 2. when should pts notify their MD 3. take as ____
- serum calcium - if gums become swollen - directed
54
Nitrates: drug name
nitroglycerin (NTG)
55
Nitrates: reason for taking
acute angina
56
Nitrates: action
dilates blood vessels by relaxing smooth muscle
57
Nitrates: adverse reactions/side effects
- hypotension - severe headaches - tachycardia - skin irritations
58
Nitrates: contraindications
- severe anemia - closed angles glaucoma - severe head injury - use of ED drugs (viagra)
59
Nitrates: routes
SL, patch, ointment, IV, spray
60
Nitrates: 1. how is this medication administered 2. what do i educate my pt when starting this medication 3. what class of medication do i want to caution my male pts about taking with this medication
- place one tablet under tongue, tell pt to not chew/swallow - keep fresh supply, keep in cool dark place, should be no more than 3 months old, if have pain after 5 mins then take another, max of 3 pills, do not drive - erectile dysfunction
61
Cardiac Glycoside: drug name
lanoxin (digoxin)
62
Cardiac Glycoside: reason for taking
treats ventricular rhythms like atrial fibrillation
63
Cardiac Glycoside: action
inhibits the sodium and potassium pump. this slows the impulses from the SA node to the AV node. also increases force of contractions
64
Cardiac Glycoside: adverse reactions/side effects
- vision changes - dizziness - headaches
65
Cardiac Glycoside: contraindications
- renal problems - low potassium levels
66
Cardiac Glycoside: routes
PO, IV
67
Cardiac Glycoside: 1. give IV over ___ 2. what labs do you need to monitor 3. what is the concern if the potassium level is low. 4. pt has confusion, seeing spots and halos, and a potassium level >5. what do you suspect is happening? 5. what are you going to prepare to administer for this pt. 6. what foods should this pt aviod
- 5 min - digoxin level 0.5-2ng/mL, serum potassium - digoxity -> digoxin toxicity - digoxity -> digoxin toxicity - digi-FAB (digoxin immune fab) - foods with lots of potassium (licorice)

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