Cardiac Review

Question 1

How do you calculate MAP score?

Answer 1

DBP x2 + SBP / 3

Question 2

What can you delegate for DVT prevention?

Answer 2

Ambulation, SCDs, hydration, I&Os

Question 3

When does it become Sinus Tach

Answer 3

HR greater than 100

Question 4

When does it become SVT?

Answer 4

HR greater than 150

Question 5

What do you look at if someone is tachycardic?

Answer 5

Look at the vitals

Question 6

What can make you tachycardiac?

Answer 6

Stress, fever, pain. TEMP!

Question 7

What should you implement if someone has increased lipids?

Answer 7

Encourage lifestyle changes. Diet, exercise, weight loss.

Question 8

What lab do we check for cardiac?

Answer 8

Troponin

Question 9

Patient comes in for chest pain, what do we order?

Answer 9

ECG

Question 10

Why do we need to weight a patient with CHF?

Answer 10

We need to know if they are retaining fluid and why

Question 11

What does physical exercise improve?

Answer 11

Circulation, lipids/triglycerides, insulin resistance

Question 12

S/S of right sided HF

Answer 12

Edema, JVD, weight gain, LARGE LIVER

Question 13

If patient is in AFIB what are we ordering?

Answer 13

Echo and BNP

Question 14

If a patient has low sodium what do we implement?

Answer 14

Increase sodium intake and decrease fluids

Question 15

If a patients HDL is low what do you give them? What do you monitor?

Answer 15

Give a statin like atorvastatin and monitor liver enzymes

Question 16

Left sided HR assessment?

Answer 16

Crackles, frothy sputum, confusion, tachycardia, palpitations

Question 17

What do we see with NSTEMI?

Answer 17

Partial blockage, ST is depressed, P wave inverted and troponin increases

Question 18

What is the worst manifestation with hypothyroidism?

Answer 18

Myxedema coma

Question 19

CAD manifestations?

Answer 19

Elevated LDL, smoking, increased BMI, decreased activity and exercise

Question 20

Risk factors of metabolic syndrome and CAD?

Answer 20

Large waist, high BP, diabetes

Question 21

Diagnostic studies for cardiac?

Answer 21

EKG, 12 lead, troponin, CK-MB

Question 22

Procedures for cardiac?

Answer 22

Cath

Question 23

What is lisinopril and what can it cause?

Answer 23

It is an ACE inhibitor and can cause elevated potassium

Question 24

Side effects of ACEs?

Answer 24

Dry cough

Question 25

What medications do we give AFIB? AND WHY?

Answer 25

Give anticoagulants like aspirin and clopidogrel because of risk of stroke and clots

Question 26

What are beta blockers contraindicated in?

Answer 26

Asthma patients because of bronchospasm

Question 27

What manifestations happen in thyroid storm?

Answer 27

Fever, tachycardia, palpitations

Question 28

What manifestations are seen with AFIB?

Answer 28

SOB, chest pain, dizziness, palpitations

Question 29

What happens when youre in actue HF?

Answer 29

HR and respirations are down

Question 30

Where is the point of maximum impulse?

Answer 30

Apical pulse

Question 31

How to decrease spread of infections?

Answer 31

Wash hands, wipe surfaces, clean gloves

Question 32

Can you give non-family members information?

Answer 32

NO. HIPPA violation

Question 33

Why do we give AFIB patients anticoagulants?

Answer 33

Atria is quivering, it can cause blood to pool in the chambers and cause clots

Question 34

Clonidine patch rules?

Answer 34

Change every 7 days, hairless site, can wear when you bathe

Question 35

What is clonidine for?

Answer 35

High blood pressure

Question 36

What is losartan? Side effects and what can it cause? Pt teaching?

Answer 36

This is an ARB. Fewer side effects vs ACE. Can cause hyperkalemia and angioedema. Be careful with salt substitutes!

Question 37

What is metoprolol for? Side effects? Contraindications?

Answer 37

Beta blocker. Blocks epinephrine and adrenaline to slow heart and provide more effective beat. Side effects are bronchospasms and contraindicated in asthma patients.

Question 38

What's amlodipine?

Answer 38

CCB for relaxing blood vessels and decreases heart workload

Question 39

What is the main statin given? What do we monitor?

Answer 39

Atorvastatin to control LDL in blood. Monitor liver enzymes.

Question 40

Someone with left sided HF what do we assess?

Answer 40

Lung and breath sounds

Question 41

What do we check for with fluid imbalance?

Answer 41

s/s dehydration and urine specific gravity

Question 42

What's a risk of CAD?

Answer 42

High blood pressure

Question 43

Patient is nauseous, yellow vision, what do we test for?

Answer 43

Digoxin toxicity and potassium levels

Question 44

If a patient is bruising easily, what could be the cause?

Answer 44

Patient could be on coumadin

Question 45

Antidote for coumadin?

Answer 45

Vitamin K

Question 46

Ischemia

Answer 46

low oxygen from narrowed arteries

Question 47

Infarction

Answer 47

No oxygen from sudden blockage

Question 48

If someone has bypass graft surgery what do we need to assess?

Answer 48

Pulses and if there's any numbness

Question 49

What do nitrates do?

Answer 49

increase blood flow to the heart in times of ischemia

Question 50

What is nitroglycerin for?

Answer 50

Chest pain

Question 51

What happens if we use ACE, ARB, and renin inhibitors together

Answer 51

Can be HARMFUL! increase the risk of adverse effects, including kidney failure, hypotension, and hyperkalemia

Question 52

What do we assess before giving metoprolol?

Answer 52

HR and BP. If HR is below 60, hold!

Question 53

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 53

Fluid accumulates in pericardium putting pressure on the heart and prevents it from pumping effectively

Question 54

TX for cardiac tamponade?

Answer 54

Pericardiocentesis

Question 55

AFIB rate?

Answer 55

Typically >100