Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FA CARDIO 3 > Cardiac Valvular Dz 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac Valvular Dz 1 Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

connects LA to LV

A

mitral valve

opens during diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

connects LV to aorta

A

aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

connects RA to RV

A

tricuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

connects RV to pulmonic artery

A

pulmonic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

primary means to non-invasively study cardiac function and valvular disease

A

Transthoracic Echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sound waves in TTE used to (4 results)

A
  1. images of heart structures
  2. direction and velocity of blood flow
  3. filling of heart and perfusion of myocardium
  4. pressure gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

indications for TTE

A

valvular disease, syncope, DOE

heart failure and pulmonary HTN

infective endocarditis

evaluation of TIA/Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TEE

A

posterior structures of heart

esp. good for LA, L atrial appendage, mitral valve, aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

indications for TEE

A
  1. infective endocarditis (esp PVE)
  2. aortic dissection
  3. Detection of LA mass or thrombus
  4. when pt factors preclude TTE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

valvular heart disease

etiologies

A

congenital or acquired

due to rheumatic fever, now due to degeneration of the valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

immune mediated illness affects multiple systems

initiated by untreated streptococcal infection

antibodies against strep proteins cross react with protein self antigens

attack heart, joints, vessels to produce inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

myocarditis secondary to rheumatic fever

A

may result in severe ventricular dilation

all three layers of heart may be effected

results in poor LV contractility and deformation of valvular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

effect of poor LV contractility

myocarditis

A

HFrEF (syncope, DOE)

can’t move blood forward so back up into lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

effect of deforming valvular apparatus

myocarditis

A

regurgitation

valve is stretched apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acute rheumatic fever will also cause valve leaflets…

A

to become red and swollen with small sterile vegetations

inflammatory changes heal with fibrosis

causes stenosis and regurgitation in same valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fibrosis of valvular disease causes

A

fibrosis of leaflets (hard)

fusion of leaflet commissures

contracting valve leaflets

shortening chordae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

s/s of acute rheumatic fever

A
  1. febrile illness
  2. arthritis
  3. carditis
  4. skin lesions
  5. chorea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

febrile illness in acute rheumatic fever

A

history of suggestive strep pharyngitis

mc in kids 4-10 yrs of age, M=F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

arthritis in acute rheumatic fever

A

migratory poly arthritis of mid-large joints (hips, elbows, knees)

lasting about 4 weeks, responsive with ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

carditis in acute rheumatic fever

A

pericardial friction rub

new heart murmurs

any heart valve - aortic> mitral> R heart

visible on ECHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatment of rheumatic fever

Study These Flashcards
A

Penicillin to eradicate the strep

prophylaxis PCN injections for 10+ yrs to prevent recurrent strep infections

ASA used for treatment of severe and pericarditis

22
Q

epidemiology of aortic stenosis

Study These Flashcards
A

more common in men

more common in older patients

more common in comorbid dyslipidemia

23
Q

pathophys of aortic stenosis

Study These Flashcards
A

degenerative

wear/tear + deposition of calcium causes leaflets to become more rigid and fuse at commissures

24
Q

when does aortic stenosis become symptomatic?

Study These Flashcards
A

60-70s with bicuspid AORTIC

70-80s with tricuspid aortic

bc the trileaflet allow blood to move thru easier so more degeneration must take place

25
etiologies of aortic stenosis (3)
1. congenital abnormal valve with superimposed calcification 2. calcification and degeneration of normal valve 3. rheumatic disease
26
aortic sclerosis
thickened valve leaflets without stenosis
27
aortic stenosis
measurable outflow obstruction and reduced valve area
28
hemodynamics of AS
valve damage leads to LV outflow obstruction ventricle increases speed and strength of contraction to compensate (increased AFTERload) LV hypertrophy = stiffness = diastolic dysfunction eventually DILATION occurs = systolic dysfunction
29
moderate stenosis is a valve
1.0-1.5 cm
30
critical aortic gradient/stenosis
>40 mmHg and <1.0 cm
31
symptomatic AS when?
occurs when valve decreases to <1.0 cm initial symptoms are non specific dyspnea on exertion, exertional dizziness, exertional angina
32
Symptoms of AS and why? (3)
1. angina (decreased diastole = decreased coronary filling) 2. syncope (outflow decreased, results in decreased perfusion) 3. dyspnea/HF (backing up into pulmonary circuit)
33
AS murmur/ PE
harsh, blowing crescendo decrescendo murmur, best heard at RUSB, 2nd ICS, radiates to neck s4 gallop apical pulse, diminished and delayed carotid
34
diagnosis of AS
ECHO determine cause, calculate area and gradient to understand severity
35
AS treatment
once symptomatic it is surgical treatment can give low dose diuretics and ACEI avoid activity, daily weight and HF s/s
36
pharm CI for AS
low dose BB (can be Used from some) reduce contractility and should avoid in HF and AS vasodilators (reduce coronary perfusion) - hydrazine, nonDHP CCB, NTG
37
surgical treatment of AS (list)
AVR w/ prosthetic or mechanical valve +/- CABG TAVR balloon aortic valvuloplasty
38
TAVR
transcatheter replacement of valve, used in patients with high risk of open heart surgery balloon tipped catheter goes in, pushes open valve and mechanical one is placed
39
Aortic regurgitation etiologies (Leaftlet issue) (5)
rheumatic heart disease congenital abnormaliteit infective endocarditis medications (diet med( connective tissue disorder
40
Aortic regurgitation etiologies (apparatus distortion)
dilation cardiomyopathy, AS, or aortic root
41
aortic regurgitation hemodynamics
LV dilation and hypertrophy @ same time blood leaks back into LV during aorta so ventricle dilates and hypertrophies to move thru large volumes causes myocyte damage which causes systolic failure therefore backing up into lungs
42
AR symtpoms
largely asymptomatic due to LV compensation normal to increased EF 1. symptoms of increased LV filling pressures (Palpitations, pounding HB, atypical chest pain) 2. reduced CO causes fatigue and weakness 3. LV dysfunction = PND, orthopnea, DOE ANgina due to oxygen demand of hypertrophy LV and decreased flow
43
SIGNS of AR
blowing, high pitched diastolic decrescendo murmur (LLSB) widened pulse pressure arterial pulse bounding S3 gallop
44
AR treatment
monitoring of LV function and size via serial echo (6mo-1yr) vasodilators (ACEI or nifetapine) CI BB due to their prolongation of diastole (increased amount of blood regurged)
45
valve surgery is indicated for:
1. ALL symptomatic AR 2. AR and systolic dysfunction (EF < 55%) 3. AR and enlarging LV (>55 mm end systolic) ascending aorta may also req. graft replacement (aortic root)
46
acute AR causes
infective endocarditis | ascending aortic dissection
47
pathophys of ACUTE AR
LV unable to dilate accommodate regurgitant volume immediate reduction of effective CO, causing rapid pulmonary congestion
48
symptoms of acute AR
pulmonary edema crackles/rales (Wet lungs) HoTN AMS Dypsnea cyanosis oliguria
49
signs of acute AR
S3 cardiogenic shock low pitched, short diastolic murmur diagnose with ECHO
50
acute AR treatment
vasopressors and inotropic support until valve replacement can be performed

FA CARDIO 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions