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Daisy Finals Revision > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What operation might a central vertical chest scar indicate?

A

Midline sternotomy -
CABG
Aortic valve replacement
Mitral valve replacement

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2
Q

Gold standard investigation for stable angina?

A

CT Coronary angiogram

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3
Q

What medication provides immediate symptomatic relief in angina?

A

GTN spray

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4
Q

What medication is used for long term symptom control in angina?

A

Beta blockers (bisoprolol)
CCBs eg amlodipine

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5
Q

What medication is used for secondary prevention in angina?

A

Statins
Aspirin
ACE inhibitors
Beta blockers

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6
Q

What surgical options are available for angina?

A

PCI
CABG

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7
Q

What are the criteria for a STEMI?

A

New st elevation or new left bundle branch block

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8
Q

Anterolateral MI artery?

A

LCA

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9
Q

Anterolateral MI ecg leads?

A

I, aVL, V3-V6

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10
Q

Anterior MI artery?

A

LAD

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11
Q

Anterior MI ecg leads?

A

V1-V4

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12
Q

Lateral MI artery?

A

Circumflex

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13
Q

Lateral MI ecg leads?

A

I, aVL, V5-V6

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14
Q

Inferior MI artery?

A

RCA

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15
Q

Inferior MI ECG leads?

A

II, III, aVF

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16
Q

Protein tested for cardiac muscle damage?

A

Troponin

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17
Q

STEMI tx options?

A

Primary PCI
Thrombolysis

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18
Q

Initial NSTEMI tx?

A

BATMAN
Beta blockers
Aspirin
Ticagrelor
Morphine
Anticoagulant (fondaparinux)
Nitrates (GTN)

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19
Q

Complications of MI?

A

DREAAD
Death
Rupture
Oedema
Arrhythmia
Aneurysm
Dressers syndrome

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20
Q

initial non pharma mgt of SVT?

A

valsalva
carotid sinus massage

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21
Q

main drug in tx of SVT?

A

adenoside

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22
Q

contraindications to adenosine?

A

asthma/copd
heart failure
heart block
severe hypotension

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23
Q

side effect of adenosine?

A

feeling of dying/doom

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24
Q

treatment if pharma mgt of SVT fails?

A

DC cardioversion

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25
doses of adenosine in SVT?
initially 6mg, then 12 then 18
26
procedural tx of SVT?
radiofrequency ablation
27
what medications are used for pharma cardioversion in AF?
flecanide amiodarone
28
5 most common causes of AF?
hypertension ischaemic ht disease mitral valve pathology sepsis thyrotoxicosis?
29
which rhythms are shockable?
v fib v tach
30
which rhythms are non shockable?
PEA asystole
31
4 types of pacemakers?
single chamber dual chamber biventricular (triple chamber) implantable cardioverter defibs
32
indications for pacemaker? (5)
1. symptomatic brady 2. mobitz type 2 av block 3. 3rd degree ht block 4. severe ht failure 5. hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (ICD)
33
what is dresslers syndrome?
2-6 weeks post MI autoimmune reaction against antigenic proteins formed as the myocardium recovers
34
features of dresslers syndrome?
fever pleuritic pain pericardial effusion raised ESR
35
management of dresslers syndrome?
NSAIDs
36
management of massive PE when hypotensive?
thrombolysis
37
provoked PE anticoag time?
3 months
38
unprovoked PE anticoag time?
6 months
39
secondary prevention medications post MI?
all patients: dual antiplatelets (aspirin + other) ACE inhibitor Beta blocker Statin
40
management of acute pericarditis?
NSAIDs and colchicine
41
presentation of acute pericarditis?
pleuritic chest pain L sided relieved by sitting forward saddle shaped widespread ST elevation
42
acute HF with respiratory failure not responding to treatment?
consider CPAP
43
causative organism of infective endocarditis in IVDU or acute presentation?
staph aureus
44
causative organism of infective endocarditis linked to dental procedure/poor dental hygiene?
strep viridans (mitis/sanguinis)
45
causative organism of infective endocarditis in patient post valve surgery/with indwelling lines?
staph epidermidis
46
causative organism of infective endocarditis linked to colorectal cancer?
streptococcus bovis (subtype gallolyticus)
47
non infective causes of IE?
SLE (libman-sacks) malignancy - marantic endocarditis
48
culture negative causes of IE?
prior abx therapy coxiella burnetii bartonella brucella HACEK (haemophilus, actinobacillus, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella)
49
what is dresslers syndrome?
autoimmune pericarditis pain worse on inspiration raised ESR low grade fever 4-6wks post MI
50
features of rheumatic fever?
recent strep infection erythema marginatum sydenhams chorea polyarthritis carditis and valvulitis (murmur) subcut nodules
51
score used in suspected obstructive sleep apnoea?
epworth scale
52
most common CXR findings in PE?
normal
53
adenosine doses for narrow complex tachycardia?
6 -> 12 -> 18
54
cause of AV block post inferior MI?
occlusion of right coronary artery -> ischaemia of the AV node
55
new BP over 180/120 + retinal haemorrhage/papilloedema management?
admit for specialist assessment
56
initial non pharma management of SVT?
valsalva manoeuvre carotid sinus massage
57
main drug in tx of SVT?
adenosine
58
contraindications to adenosine?
asthma copd HF heart block severe hypotension
59
if adenosine fails to resolve SVT?
DC cardioversion
60
prodedural tx of recurrent episodes of SVT?
radiofrequency ablation
61
secondary prevention after MI 6 As?
Aspirin Another antiplatelet eg clopi or ticag Atorvastatin ACE-i Atenolol Aldosterone antagonist in those with clinical HF
62
inheritance of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
autosomal dominant
63
64
65
hypertension: already taking ACE-i, CCB, thiazide - what next?
add spiro if potassium in good range
66
most common ECG change in PE?
sinus tachycardia
67
NSTEMI with grace score >3%?
immediate coronary angiography (+/- PCI) if unstable, within 72h if stable
68
echocardiographic features in takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
apical ballooning of the myocardium 'octopus pot'
69
murmur in aortic regurgitation?
diastolic ->>> also get head bobbing (de mussets sign)
70
score to assess whether PE pt can be discharged?
PESI score
71
abx that should be avoided in long QT?
erythromycin
72
which medication increases risk of gout?
thiazide diuretics eg bendro -> dec uric acid excretion from kidneys
73
ECG features of hypokalaemia?
small or absent T waves prolonged PR interval ST depression long QT
74
what is torsades de pointes?
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with long QT interval may deteriorate into Vfib
75
treatment of torsades de pointes?
mag sulf
76
ECG changes in brugada syndrome?
convex ST segment elevation >2mm in >1 of V1-V3 followed by a negative T wave
77
scoring system for infective endocarditis?
modified duke criteria
78
ECG changes in WPW syndrome?
short PR interval wide QRS complexes with a slurred upstroke - 'delta wave' left axis deviation
79
management of WPW syndrome?
radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway
80
valve problem associated with collapsing pulse and wide pulse pressure?
aortic regurgitation
81
cardiac condition associated with marfans syndrome?
aortic regurg mARfans = AR
82
hypercalcaemia ECG abnormality?
SHORT QT
83

Daisy Finals Revision (25 decks)

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