Cardio

Question 1

Vagus nerve vs phrenic nerve

Answer 1

Vagus is medial to the phrenic nerve

Question 2

Order of great vessels from right to left

Answer 2

SVC
Aorta
Pulmonary artery

Question 3

Tricuspid valve

Answer 3

Sits deep to the coronary groove which contains the right coronary artery

Question 4

Anterior interventricular groove

Answer 4

marks the boundary between the 2 ventricles, and contains the Left Anterior Descending branch of the left coronary artery

Question 5

Posterior interventricular groove

Answer 5

A branch of the right coronary artery, and sits in the posterior interventricular groove

Question 6

2 branches off the right coronary artery

Answer 6

Right marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery

Question 7

Where is the left coronary artery located

Answer 7

Left atrioventricular groove

Question 8

4 left coronary artery branches

Answer 8

Circumflex
Left anterior descending
Left marginal
Lateral/diagonal branch

Question 9

Internal features of the right atrium

Answer 9

3 openings - SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
The fossa ovalis/oval fossa is a depression in the right atrium (a remnant of the foramen ovale)

Question 10

Internal features of the right atrium

Answer 10

3 openings - SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
The fossa ovalis/oval fossa is a depression in the right atrium (a remnant of the foramen ovale)

Question 11

Crista terminalis

Answer 11

Represents the boundary between the smooth and rough parts of the RA

Question 12

SA node (sinoatrial)

Answer 12

Just below the opening for the SVC

Question 13

How are the cusps of the heart connected to the heart wall

Answer 13

By tendinous cords, which are anchored to papillary muscles

Question 14

Where to place the stethoscope for heart valves + ERBs point

Answer 14

Aortic valve - 2nd (right of sternum)
Mitral - 5th (left of sternum, mid clavicular)
Pulmonary valve - 2nd (left of sternum)
Tricuspid - 4th (left of sternum)
ERBs point - 3rd (left of sternum)

ERBs point is the approx centre of the heart, can listen to both S1 and S2 here, can often be related to aortic regurgitation if murmur is heard

Question 15

What is the transverse thoracic plane

Answer 15

The line between the sternal angle and the T4/5 intervertebral disc
Differentiates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum

Question 16

How does vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm

Answer 16

With the oesophagus

Question 17

Where does the azygous vein drain into

Answer 17

SVC

Question 18

Branches coming off aorta

Answer 18

2 coronary arteries branch first
Brachiocephalic (right head and neck)
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
Bilateral posterior intercostal arteries from descending aorta

Question 19

What is the venous angle

Answer 19

The junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins

In terms of surface anatomy, the left venous angle is located at the left sternoclavicular joint

Question 20

What nerve sits posterior to the lung root

Answer 20

Vagus nerve
Phrenic lies anterior

Question 21

Where does the recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus hook under

Answer 21

Ligament ateriosum

Question 22

Nerves of the superior mediastinum, from lateral to medial

Answer 22

Phrenic
Vagus
Recurrent laryngeal

Question 23

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under

Answer 23

Right subclavian artery and does not enter the chest

Question 24

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under

Answer 24

Arch of the aorta and enters the chest

Question 25

Where does lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into

Answer 25

It can drain into the right lymphatic duct

Question 26

Where does lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into

Answer 26

It can drain into the right lymphatic duct

Question 27

Where does lymph from the inferior lobe of the left lung drain into

Answer 27

It can drain into the right lymphatic duct

Question 28

From anterior to posterior, the structures of the posterior mediastinum are

Answer 28

Brachiocephalic veins + SVC
Arch of aorta
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct