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Q2 Physical Diag card, ab, LE, neuro, privates > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

AV valves are?

A

Mitral

Tricuspid

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2
Q

Semilunar valves?

A

Aortic

Pulmonary

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3
Q

First Heart Sound?

A

closing of AV valves
S1
Systole (vents contract)

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4
Q

Second Heart Sound?

A

closing of aortic and pulmonic valves
S2
diastole (vents relax

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5
Q

Third Heart Sound?

A

rapid distension of vent walls during filling
S3
low-pitch
heard w/ bell at apex

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6
Q

Fourth Heart Sound?

A

atrial systole
S4
low-pitch
heard w/ bell at apex

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7
Q

Systolic or Diastolic Murmur?

A

blood rushing thru narrow/leaky valve or chamber walls

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8
Q

Thrill?

A

palpable murmur

(U) vibrations of loud murmur

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9
Q

Lift/Heave?

A

vigorous cardiac impulse palpable through chest wall

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10
Q

Apical Impulse (Point of Maximal Impulse) is?

Felt where?

What size?

A

systolic pulse of LV

5th ICS, medial to MCL

1-2 cm across

Palp w/ pt both seated and supine

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11
Q

Examine pt from which side?

A

Pt’s right

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12
Q

Palpate for Lifts and Thrill where?

A

L sternal border

Base of heart

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13
Q

Steth diaphragm best for what sound?

A

high-pitched

S1/2

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14
Q

Steth bell best for what sounds?

A

Low-pitched

S3/4

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15
Q

Aortic sounds heard where?

A

2nd ICS, RSB

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16
Q

Pulmonic sounds hear where?

A

2nd ICS, LSB

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17
Q

Second Pulmonic sounds heard where?

A

3rd ICS, LSB

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18
Q

Tricuspid sounds heard where?

A

4th/5th ICS, LSB

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19
Q

Mitral sounds heard?

A

apex

5th ICS, MCL

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20
Q

What sound is at 2nd ICS, RSB ?

A

Aortic

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21
Q

What sound is at 2nd ICS, LSB?

A

Pulmonic

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22
Q

What sound is at 3rd ICS, LSB?

A

Second Pulmonic

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23
Q

What sound is at 4th/5th ICS, LSB?

A

Tricuspid

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24
Q

What sound is at 5th ICS, MCL?

A

Mitral

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25
Palp of Axillary Nodes in what 4 places?
Anterior axillary line Midaxillary line Posterior axillary line Medial upper arm
26
JVD is sign of?
fluid overload in heart
27
Measure jugular venous pressure how?
head at 30º find point of highest pulse in internal jugular vein measure from sternal angle (~5cm above R atrium) >4cm above sternal angle = elevated heart pressure
28
Hepatojugular reflux exam tests for? How is exam performed?
test for fluid cardiac overload apply pressure RUQ over liver JVP will increase then decrease when released
29
Cardiac impluse felt lateral to MCL indicates what?
LV enlargement
30
Cardiac Percussion of L border tests for? Exam performed how?
use to estimate size of heart percuss from 5th ICS at MAL medially listening for onset of dullness
31
Auscultation sitting up/lean forward tests for what? Exam performed how?
aortic and pulmonic regurge Pt sitting, leans forward Exhale and hold breath Listen at base and apex
32
Best way to hear low-pitch filling sounds (gallops, murmurs)?
L lateral decubitus position: Pt on L side, arm above head listen w/ bell at apical impulse
33
S1 should be > S2 where?
at apex
34
S1 should be < S2 where?
at base
35
Louder than normal S1 due to?
disease AV valve or | more forceful closure of AV valve
36
Softer than normal S1 due to? (3)
1) weak heart contractions 2) thick chest wall 3) emphysematous lungs
37
S2 splits when? A2 sound is? P2 sound is?
plumonic valve closure is delayed A2 = aortic valve closure P2 = pulmonic valve closure
38
S2 split is normal when? Heard where?
during inspiration 2nd/3rd ICS
39
Wide S2 split due to? (2)
1) pulmonic stenosis | 2) R bundle branch block (RBBB)
40
Fixed S2 splitting: "Fixed" means? Due to? (2)
"fixed" means does not vary w/ respiration 1) atrial septal defect 2) RV failure
41
Paradoxical S2 splitting: "Paradoxical" means? Due to? A2/P2 sounds present in what order?
"paradoxical" means happens during expiration, but not insp delayed contraction of LV from LBBB A2 follows P2
42
S1 + S2 + S3 =
ventricular gallop rhythm
43
Pathologic S3 vent gallop? (4)
``` >40yo from: HF anemia vol overload of vents decreased contractility ```
44
S1 + S2 + S4 =
atrial gallop rhythm
45
Pathologic S4 atrial gallop?
from resistance to vent filling stiff heart mm typical heart diseases cause this
46
Route of cardiac inpulse?
``` SA node -> R atrium -> AV node -> atrial septum -> bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers in vents ```
47
Tachycardia bpm?
>100
48
Normal bpm?
60-100
49
Bradycardia bpm?
<60
50
Arrhythmia definition?
irregular or lost rhythm
51
Aortic/Pulmonic Ejection Click sounds like what? Heard where? Caused by (3)?
high-pitch just after S1 1) valve disease 2) dilated aorta/pulm artery 3) pulmonary HTN
52
Late Systolic Murmur happens when? Sounds like? Cause by?
pre S2 variable pitch mitral prolapse into L atrium
53
Systolic Ejection Murmur happens when? Heard where? Sounds like? Cause by?
HIGH PRESSURE TO HIGH PRESSURE b/w S1/S2 heard at base, R & LSB (U) crescend-decrescendo (U) from blood flow across semilunar valves, Aortic/Pulmonic stenosis
54
Pansystolic Murmur happens when? Sounds like? Caused by?
HIGH PRESS TO LOW PRESS b/w S1/S2 (U) sound remains same connecting S1/S2 (U) from regurge across AV valves or ventricular septal defect
55
Innocent Systolic Murmur sounds like? Caused by?
(U) grade 1-2, medium pitch turbulent blood flow no narrowing/obstruction or disease (C) kids, young adults
56
Mitral Insufficiency (Regurge) from?
Rheumatic HD
57
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) from?
congenital anomaly blood flow LA -> RA enlarged RV inc flow thru pulmonic valve
58
ASD murmur is?
Systolic ejection: | fixed splitting S2
59
Ventral Septal Defect causes what kind of shunt?
L to R shunt
60
VSD murmur sounds like? Heard where?
harsh pansystolic heard and felt at low LSB
61
Early Diastolic Murmur sounds like? Heard when? Caused by?
(U) decrescendo just post S2 (U) regurge across leaky semilunar valves (aortic regurge)
62
Mid Diastolic Murmur sounds like? Heard where? Caused by?
low decresc b/w S2/S1 from turbulent flow across AV valves, mitral/tricuspid stenosis
63
Late Diastolic Murmur sounds like? Heard when?
(presystolic) low decresc from S2 to S1
64
Opening Snap Diastolic Rumble sounds like? Heard when? Caused by?
high snap, low rumble b/w S2/S1 mitral stenosis
65
Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Insufficiency (Regurge) murmur sounds like? Heard when? Caused by?
Crescendo-decres Syst-Diast murmur (to-fro) reduced outflow from narrowed valve leakage from failure to close
66
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
failure of channel b/w aorta/pulm artery to close
67
Strain phase of Valsalva does?
↓ LV vol ↓ vascular tone ↓ BP and peripherial vascular resistance
68
Squatting or release of Valsalva does?
opposite of strain

Q2 Physical Diag card, ab, LE, neuro, privates (6 decks)

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