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0NCLEX Meds > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Furosemide

A
  • loop diuretic
  • heart failure
  • hypertension
  • take early to avoid nocturia
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2
Q

ACE inhibitor common s/e

A
  • nagging cough
  • raises potassium and creatine
  • dysgeusia
    • reduced taste
      • more likely to use salt = hypertension
  • angioedema (VERY BAD)
    • swelling of face, lips, and eyes
  • monitor creatine, potassium, and GFR for ACE INHIBITORS
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3
Q

____________ interacts with __________

A
  • Verapamil
  • grapefruit
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4
Q

Avoid on warfarin

A
  • ginkgo Biloba
  • ginger root
  • garlic
  • saw palmetto
  • requires constant intake of vitamin K
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5
Q

Beta-blocker

A
  • contraindicated in cariogenic shock
  • decrease CO/ lowers HR
  • treats A-fib/V.fib, A flutter, tacycardia
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6
Q

Labetalol

A

Lowers BP and HR

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7
Q

Increase Cardiac Output

A
  • positive inotropic drugs
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
  • dobutamine
  • vasopressin
  • increase stroke/blood volume
  • sympathetic stimulation (fight or flight)
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8
Q

Carvedilol

A
  • beta-blocker used in CHF
  • increases left ventricular EF
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9
Q

Isosorbide

A
  • nitrate
  • do not take with phosphodiesterase inhibitors
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10
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A
  • treats erectile dysfunction
  • treats pulmonary hypertension
  • sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil
  • Cilostazol
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11
Q

contraindicated for heart failure

A
  • diltiazem
  • prednisone (steroid - fluid retention)
  • Naproxen (NSAID - fluid retention)
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12
Q

Heart failure meds

A
  • ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, diuetritc
  • ACE is first
  • if s/e, use ARBs (sartan)
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13
Q

Side effect of niacin

A

Facial flushing

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14
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot med

A

Morphine sulfate

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15
Q

Decrease blood pressure

A
  • atenolol
  • spironolactone
  • fentanyl
  • amlodipine
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16
Q

Amiodarone

A
  • causes hyper- and hypothyroidism
  • monitor TSH
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17
Q

Modafinil

A

used in the management of narcolepsy

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18
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • angina, pulmonary edema, and hypertension
  • monitor BP
    • give when systolic more than 150 ONLY
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19
Q

Rivaroxaban

A
  • Xa inhibitor
  • treats venous thromboembolism (VTE)
  • vein thrombosis (DVT)
  • pulmonary embolism (PE)
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20
Q

Meds for hypertension

Study These Flashcards
A
  • lisinopril
  • diltiazem
  • propranolol
  • candesartan
21
Q

Magnesium sulfate monitor

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Heart rate
  • Heart rhythm
22
Q

Diltiazem

Study These Flashcards
A
  • CCB
  • treats a-fib
  • may cause bradycardia and hypotension
23
Q

Adenosine

24
Q

Vasopressors monitor

Study These Flashcards
A
  • EKG

do not give through IV

25
Blood products infusion time
- red blood cells (PRBC) - 2-4 hours - given when hemoglobin is 7 or less - O- is universal donor - 0.9% NS spiked with y-tube - plasma - 15-30 min - must be type specific - monitor PT/INR for efficacy - platelet - also 15-30 min - treats platelet dysfunction - treats thrombocytopenia - given if platelets are 20,000-25,000 - does not have to be type specific
26
Clopidogrel
- antiplatelet - given after MI to prevent another infarction - do not abruptly stop
27
Losartan
- ARB - used for hypertension and heart failure - INCREASES POTASSIUM - AVOID WITH POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC LIKE Spirolactone - does not lower HR
28
Digoxin
- heart failure - a. fib - lowers HR - measure apical HR prior - infant - at least 90 - adult - at least 70 - do not give if hypokalemic - therapeutic level = 1-2 - toxic level = 2+
29
Digoxin toxicity
- nausea/vomiting (earliest sign) - low potassium/magnesium - seeing halo - bradycardia - anorexia - dysrhythmias | NSAIDs increase risk
30
Calcium channel blockers a/e
- causes edema - use compression stockings
31
Dofetilide
- anti-arrhythmic - a. flutter - can prolong QT interval - can cause hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
32
Esmolol
- beta blocker - contraindicated for heart block
33
Antidysrhythmics s/e
- hypotension - dizziness - weakness
34
Meds that prolong QT interval
- azithromycin/erythromycin - ciprofloxacin/levofloxaxin - haloperidol - ziprasidone - escitalopram - ondansetron - dofetilide
35
Milrinone
- treats congestive heart failure - lowers BP
36
Ventricular dysrhythmias meds
- lidocaine - amiodarone - Procainamide
37
Hydralazine
- arteriolar vasodilator - treats hypertension - take BP prior - risk for orthostatic hypotension - fall risk - toxicity - hypotension - tachycardia - headache - skin flushing - risk for reflex tachycardia - as BP drops, HR increases to maintain cardiac output
38
Antidysrhythmics s/e
- hypotension - dizziness - weakness - examples - Sodium channel blockers - Beta-adrenergic blockers - Potassium channel blockers - Calcium channel blockers - Miscellaneous antidysrhythmic drugs
39
Spironolactone
- aldosterone receptor antagonist - hypertension - potassium sparing - can cause hyperkalemia - detremental in End stage renal disease (ESRD) - potassium already high, dont want to further increase - DO NOT GIVE WITH ARBS (SARTAN) - LOSARTAN - ALSO INCREASE POTASSIUM
40
Metoprolol
- angina - hypertension - premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) - after heart attack - A.Fib - causes bradycardia - stopping can lead to rebound hypertension - take with or without food
41
Captopril
- ACE inhibitor used to manage heart failure and hypertension. - monitor creatine and GFR for ACE INHIBITORS
42
Aspirin a/e
- anaphylactic shock - gastrointenstinal ulcerations - hemolytic anemia
43
Acetaminophen a/e
- hepatic failure - kidney damage
44
Cilostazol
- phosphodiesterase inhibitor - like sildenafil - treats peripheral arterial disease (pain when ambulating) - decrease platelet aggregation - promotos vasodilation - ALLOWS AMBULATE WITHOUT PAIN - common s/e is diarrhea and headache - DO NOT GIVE WITH HEART FAILURE
45
Cochicine
- reduces inflammation in pericardium - give for acute pericarditis - also give NSAID/glucocorticoids - give for several weeks - can cause GI upset = give with food
46
Loop diuretic desired outcome
- lower BP - lower pulmonary vascular resistance - lower systematic vascular resistance - amount of force exerted on circulating blood - lower CVP - lower preload and wall tension
47
Ventricular Fibrillation meds
- L.A.P - Lidocaine - Amiodarone - Procainamide
48
Arbs (Sartan)
- hypertension - heart failure - avoid in pregnancy - increases potassium - do not combine with potassium sparring diuretic - Spironolactone

0NCLEX Meds (13 decks)

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