Cardio Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
AA Diameter
<3
A
No further testing
2
Q
AA Diameter
2.5 - <3
A
rescreen w/ US after 10 years
3
Q
AA Diameter
3.0 - 3.9
A
repeat US every 3 years
4
Q
AA Diameter
Men 4.0 -4.9
Women 4.0 - 4.4
A
Repeat US annually
5
Q
AA Diameter
men > 5.0
women > 4.5
A
repeat US every 6 months
6
Q
AA Diameter
men > 5.5
Women > 5.0
A
repair recommended
7
Q
AA Diameter
What are additional indications for surgery?(5)
A
- increase in aneurysm size by > 0.5 cm within 6 months
- chronic abdominal pain
- thromembolic complications
- iliac or femoral artery aneurysm causing lower limb ischemia
- aneurysms > 4.5 cm in pts w/ marfan syndrome
8
Q
Aortic dissections types?
A
Stanford: Type A (Type I and II) and Type B (Type III)
Debakey: Type 1 (AA + ARCH), Type II ( only AA), Type III ( DA - > Diagphram)
9
Q
Aortic dissection treatment?
A
Type A: Surgery
Type B: medically ( beta blockers, aspirin)
10
Q
What is virchows triad?
A
- stasis
- endothelial damage
- hypercoagobility
11
Q
First test for arterial occlusion dx?
A
doppler US
12
Q
BP medication for African Americans?
A
Hydrochlorothiazide
13
Q
Infective endocarditis dx how?
A
need 2 blood cultures from 2 different areas
14
Q
PAD dx how?
A
ABI first but CTA is absloute
15
Q
Tearing chest pain tx?
A
Nicardipine
16
Q
SVT tx?
A
adenosine
17
Q
Sepsis steps
A
18
Q
Kid ina motor vehicle accident w/ bradycardia and spinal shock tx?
A
atropine
19
Q
Lacted ringers contain what?
A
calcium
20
Q
Heart score
A
21
Q
Centor critera
A
22
Q
Reyes syndrome/ kawaski tx?
A
aspirin
23
Q
Inadequate allen test do not perform what?
A
swan ganz catheter
24
Q
52 y/o F w/ SOB and no strenous activity
A
Class 2
25
57 y/o EF< 30 w/ no life threating arrythmia needs what?
bivent pacemaker to help atria and ventricles beat
26
Aortic aneurysm location?
superior to common iliac artery bifurcation
27
Cardiomyocytes fast action potential during phase 2?
Ca 2+ influx
28
Diastolic dysfunction manifests as?
HTN
29
Tx to reduce afterload and ventricle CHF?
acei
30
Restrictive myopathy is described as?
no change in chamber size
31
Increased NA reabsorption occurs where?
PCT
32
Beta blockers for reduced EF is?
bisrprolol
33
What is the risk w/ increased digoxin toxicity?
increased serum creatinine
34
opening snap arrythmia?
a fib
35
coarcation of aorta is?
bicuspid
36
Percardial friction rub is?
worse w/ lying down and better w/ sitting up
37
SVT first line tx?
vagal manuever
38
24 y/o ED pt w/ N/V/D treatment choice?
ceftriaxone
39
What is the minimum duration for anticoagulation for a fib?
3 weeks
40
7 y/o w/ dark urine (strep glumorlonephritis) most approriate txt?
furosemide to reduce edema
41
72 y/o w/ stable vitals confused, abdominal pain and w/ generalized weakness (hypercalcemia, dehydration) tx?
0/9 % sodium chloride
42
Calcium carbonate should be taken how?
1500 BID
43
35 y/o Er w/ chest pain and ST elevation? dx? tx?
prinzmetal and amlodipine
44
GFR is gold standard for what?
chronic kidney disease
45
Chlorathalidone inhibits what?
sodium chloride cotransporter
46
acei decreases what?
proteinuria
47
43 y/o w/ hx of thyroidectomy what does he need?
calcium carbonate
48
Increased creatine w/ bilateral renal artery stenosis tx?
losartan
49
loss of DTR tx?
clacium gluconate
50
Despompressin monitor what?
BMP
51
67 y/o w/ breats cancer needs?
fluid restriction
52
Hypertension can be caused by medication?
prednisone
53
57 y/o w/ BP 180/120 has a?
hypertensive emergency
54
In an ischemic stroke do not lower what?
BP
55
Medication that increased the risk of Gout?
Chlorthalidone
56
First line tx for reduced EF?
ARNI
57
A fib rate control medication?
dilitizem
58
A fib rythm control medication?
Flecainide
59
Torsades tx?
sotalol
60
adverse effect of dofetilide?
QT prolongation
61
Bradycardia sympts next step?
monitor
62
A fib at home blood thinner tx?
rivarixiban
63
patent ductus causes?
decreased sensitivity to 02
64
Term infant is at risk for?
PT occlusion
65
Increased SVR and decreased co tx?
milrinone
66
58 y/o newly diagnosed w/ type 2 diabetes HBA1c is 8.8 tx?
metformin and dulaglutide
67
liraglutide MOA?
Mimics gluocse lirepeptide 1
68
Insulin aspart onset?
10 mins
69
metform can cause?
renal insuffiecency
70
18 y/o to ER for N/V first step?
0.9 % sodium chloride bolus
71
What does calcitration do?
increased absorption from GI tract
72
2 gram elemetal should be given how?
7500 BID
73
what is a dopamine agonist?
cabergo
74
Dequervin tx?
naproxen
75
HF w/ reduced EF tx?
Empagliflozin
76
45 yo African American type 2 DM tx?
Hydrochlorothiazide
77
which medication is known to decrease mortality in the treatment of stable ischemic heart disease?
losartan
78
which medication should be given to a patient within the first 24hours of STEMI presentation?
Carvedilol
79
which of the following is a cardioselective beta blocker?
metoprolol
80
propanolol increases the risk for which ADR?
depression
81
vignette: ECG shows inferior MI do not give what?
nitroglycerin
82
for prinzmetal angina which medication would you give to prevent symptoms?
amlodipine
83
highest pecentage of sodium reabsorption occurs where?
PCT
84
what is the most common ADR associated with amlodipin
gingival hyperplasia
85
which medication is recommended in the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction?
bisprolol (NOT propanolol)
86
sick sinus syndrome (SSS), what is the next best step?
atropine
87
59yo M, hx - CHF, sxs x 2wks, stable vitals, irregular HR, LVEF <40%, what is the first line medication?
metoprolol
88
pt unstable, EKG: narrow AVNRT, what is first-line treatment?
cardioversion
89
pt has a mitral valve prolapse and anxiety/palpatations w/o dyspnea or exercise intolerance. how to treat?
beta blockers
90
what is the first-line treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in full term infants?
percutaneous transcatheter occlusion
91
which medication will decrease systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and increase cardiac output (CO)?
milrinone
92
which medication is used first-line in preventing myoischemia for patients with stable angina?
metoprolol
93
what is the next step in the treatment of symptomatic bradycardia after treating with atropine?
transcutaneous pacemaker
94
what is the maximum atropine dose given?
3mg
95
what is an adverse drug reaction from using atropine?
blurred vision
96
which is the following medications can cause heart blocks?
diltiazem
97
35yoF, nightly chest pain x 2months, EKG: ST elevations without carotid artery stenosis = “prinzmetal angina”,
how would you treat?
CCB (amlodipine)
98
which medication is known to decrease mortality in patients w/ ischemic heart disease?
losartan
99
which of the following circumstances would make a patient more at risk for digoxin toxicity?
high serum creatinine
100
patient with HF is on all standard GDMT medications, now complains of angioedema, you discontinue the neprilysn inhbitor, what is the next step?
add hydralazine
101
which of the following medications is the most a-1 selective?
norepinephrine
102
which medication should be given to a fluid overloaded patient?
lasix (furosemide)
103
peds resuscitation fluids?
0.9% normal saline
104
PDE inhibitor infusion makes infants more at risk for what?
apnea
105
what explains why there is a reduced rate of spontaneous ductus arteriosus in preterm infants?
decreases sensitivity to oxygen
106
which of the following are considered first-line life modifications for orthostatic hypotension?
compression stockings
107
a-1 receptor stimulators effect on CV system?
increases mean arterial pressure (MAP)
108
what is the effect of fludrocortisone of patient’s volume status?
increases IV volume
109
chest pain, worse with laying down, better with sitting up and leaning forward?
pericarditis
110
pt presents w/ possible STEMI symptoms. what should be done next?
start ticagrelor
111
stable patient with atrial fibrillation and other SVTs. what should be given for rate control?
CCB — diltiazem
112
which valve is most likely to be affected in an IV drug user diagnosed with infective endocarditis?
tricuspid valve
113
machine murmur?
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
114
mid systolic murmur that lessens in intensity with squatting and loudens with strain?
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
115
hx of hypertension. diastolic murmur heard best in the upper sternal border which is accentuated with sitting up leaned forward?
aortic regurgitation (AR)
116
echocardiogram: no tricuspid valve, ductal dependent lesion?
tricuspid atresia
117
narrow QRS, irregular rhythm, >180bpm?
rapid atrial fibrillation
118
what is an acute complication of an acute myocardial infarction seen on ECG?
mitral regurgitation (MR) — reason: due to papillary mm. or chordae tendineae rupture
119
mcc of cardiogenic shock?
MI
120
How dox 56 y/o w/ aneurysm
1.5 increase in diameter
121
severe uncontrolled hypertriglyceridemia?
pancreatitis
122
55 y/o F w/ jaw claudication tx?
corticosteriod
123
compensated shock tx?
reestablish adequate perfusion and oxyen delivery
124
55 M w/ stemi activation tx?
norepi
125
26 y/o w/ motor vehicle accident w/ narrow pulse preesure tx?
percardial centesis
126
65 y/o M w/ pain in both legs with ambulation first line dx?
ABI
127
65 y/o M w/ hx of MI tx?
unsyndcronized cardioversion
128
