Cardio

Question 1

Describe basic circulatory circuit of the heart 

Answer 1

Blood enters right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava goes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle then through pulmonary artery to lungs. Blood is oxygenated by the alveoli through gas exchange then re-enters the left atrium via the pulmonary veins go through the mitral bicuspid into the right ventricle, then out through the semilunar valves into the aorta systemically throughout the body 

Question 2

Describe diastolic and systolic functions of the heart

Answer 2

 Systolic is an ventricles. Contra is the ventricles fill up. 

Question 3

What is left heart failure?

Answer 3

Patient presents with shortness of breath. Think possibly pulmonary related or indirectly cardiac related. Ventricle left, not pumping sufficiently causing buildup and back up in lungs, pulmonary edema and fluid and lungs congestion back up in lungs on physical exam. You hear crackles in the lower part of the lungs if it’s really bad, you’ll hear crackles in the upper part of the lungs.

Question 4

What can left heart failure cause? 

Answer 4

Left heart failure causes back up of blood into lungs, which causes pulmonary hypertension, which causes pressure in the pulmonary vascular and so the right heart failure occurs the right ventricles are trying to pump blood up there, but can’t because of pulmonary hypertension 

Question 5

In red heart failure, where does the blood back up into?

Answer 5

Into the Venus return, you could see it in the elevated jugular venous pressure on the neck and then this can back up into the liver, the abdomen, and the rest of the body via the inferior vena cava you could see a CD ASCITES in the abdomen, hepatic congestion and also peripheral edema

Question 6

So thick heart failure causes back up in the lungs and a patient presents with shortness of breath, but what else could it cause?

Answer 6

 Syncope, dizziness, mental status changes, decrease urine muscle fatigue 

Question 7

What test would you run for heart failure?

Answer 7

Chest x-ray and echocardiogram to determine cardiomegaly or vascular markings in the lungs or plural effusion like a hyper density layering on the diaphragm. Also remember ejection fraction should be 55 to 75%. If it’s less we have a problem with injection. I’m

Question 8

What are three other signs and symptoms of heart failure?

Question 9

What are three other signs and symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 9

Ortho when you get shortness of breath because you’re lying down, BENDOPNEA when you get shortness of breath, bending and peroxyl nocturnal dyspnea.