Cardio Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the main EKG differences between a fib and multifocal atrial tachycardio (MAT)? What organ system is MAT associated with?
MAT:
-HR >100
-presence of at least 3 distinct P wave morphologies
P waves are NOT visible in afib
pulm conditions, especially COPD
What is the MC PE finding in a pt with infective endocarditis?
heart murmur
_____ condition put the patient at risk of developing nitrate-induced hypotension
aortic stenosis, volume depletion, RIGHT ventricular infarction, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
What is the hallmark finding of a right to left shunt?
supplemental oxygen fails to increase arterial oxygen level
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome?
when a left to right shunt (VSD, ASD, or PDA) becomes a right to left shunt due to the change in pressure
Which valvular heart disease most often causes syncope?
aortic stenosis
What is the characteristic EKG finding of premature junctional contractions?
inverted P wave following the QRS
What BP medications should be used in hypertensive emergency?
IV labetalol or nicardipine
What is Kawasaki dz? What are the characteristics?
childhood (3 months to 5 years old) vasculitis that affects the medium-sized muscular arteries
prolonged fever and systemic inflammation
-fever for 5+ days
-bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis
-oral changes (strawberry tongue, cracked red lips)
-peripheral extremity changes
-polymorphous rash
-cervical lymphadenopathy
What is the tx of choice for Kawasaki dz?
IV immunoglobin
What is the tx for acute pericarditis post-hospital?
taper off the ASA and continue colchicine for 3 months
What 2 other conditions are commonly associated with vasospastic angina? What will their stress test reveal?
migraine headaches
raynaud phenomenon
exercise stress test is unremarkable
What are the EKG finding during an active vasospastic angina attack?
TRANSIENT ST segment elevation or depression
can be made WORSE with IV ergonovine or acetylcholine
Preg pt with a hx of frequent sore throats and ear infections as child with worsening dyspnea, orthopnea and lower extremity edema. What dx?
mitral stenosis
What position is mitral stenosis best heard in? What side of the stethoscope?
best heard in the left lateral decubitus position
best heard with the BELL side of stethoscope
What medication class should be avoided when treating cocaine induced chest pain? Why?
BB
can have the opposite effect and may case vasoconstriction
What HTN medication can cause hyperkalemia?
ace inhibitors
pt at high risk for bacterial endocarditis scheduled for dental extraction. Pt is allergic to PCN. What abx?
doxy
What are the 2 SEs of CCB?
HA and legs swelling
What are 3 EKG findings seen with pericardial effusions?
low-voltage QRS
electrical alternans
sinus tachycardia
Tall peaked P waves should make you think of what diagnosis?
right atrial enlargement
What is the test of choice for a known AAA in an asymptomatic pt?
US
What is the test of choice for a known AAA in a symptomatic pt?
CT
Boot shaped heart is associated with what dx?
tetralogy of fallot
