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High Acuity > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

SVR

A

Left sided afterload

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2
Q

CVP

A

Right sided preload

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3
Q

PCWP

A

left sided preload

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4
Q

RVSWI

A

Right contractility

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5
Q

LVSWI

A

left contractility

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6
Q

PVR/PAP

A

Right sided afterload

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7
Q

Stroke Volume

A

the amount of blood ejected with each heart beat

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8
Q

Cardiac Output

A

the amount of blood the heat pumps in 1 min

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9
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO = HR x SV

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10
Q

Preload

A

Fluid status. The stretching of the muscle fibers in the vent. This stretching results from blood volume inn the vent at the end-diastole.
Balloon stretching as air is being blown into it. The more air the greater the stretch

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11
Q

Starling’s law

A

The more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the more forcefully they contact during systole.

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12
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of the myocardium to contract normally, Contractility is influenced by preload. The greater the stretch the more forceful the contraction of the more air in the balloon the greater the stretch and the farther the balloon will fly when the air is allowed to expel.

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13
Q

Afterload

A

Resistance. The pressure that the vent muscles must generate to overcome the higher pressure in the aorta to get the blood out of the heart. Resistance is the knot on the end of the balloon, which the balloon has to work against to get the air out.

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14
Q

Things that increase preload

A

Increased fluid volume

Vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Things that decreased preload

A

Hypovolemia
Vasodialation
Dehydration

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16
Q

Things that increase afterload

A

Hypovolemia

Vasoconstriction

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17
Q

Things that decrease afterload

A

Vasodilation

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18
Q

Increased preload causes

A

Increases SV
Increases vent work
Increases myocardial oxygen requirements

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19
Q

Decreased preload causes

A

Decreases SV
Decreases vent work
Decreases myocardial oxygen requirements

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20
Q

Increased afterload causes

A

Decreases SV
Increases vent work
Increases myocardial oxygen requirements

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21
Q

Decreased afterload causes

A

Increases SV
Decreases vent work
Decreases myocardial oxygen requirements

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22
Q

Systole

A

Squeeze. Contracts.

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23
Q

Diastole

A

Relax. Allows chambers to fill with blood.

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24
Q

PAOP

A

How to measure preload: (pulmonary artery occlusion pressure)

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25
K+ normals
3.5-4.5 mEq/L
26
Ca normals
8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL | Ionized 4.4 - 5.5 mg/dL
27
Mg normals
1.8 - 3 mg/dL
28
Phelbostatic axis
Located at 4th inter-coastal space
29
P wave
Atrium depolarization. Squeeze. Pushes blood to vents.
30
QRS wave
Vent depolarization. Squeeze. Pushes blood out to body and lungs
31
T wave
Vent repolarization. Relax. Fills with blood
32
Little EKG box
0.04 secs
33
Inotrope
Squeeze. Contractility.
34
Chronotrope
Rate
35
SA node
Car battery. 60-100 beats per min.
36
MAP calculation
(Diastole x 2) + (systole) / 3
37
Cardiac index calc
CO / BSA
38
Hemodynamic finding of Hypovolemic shock
Low CO High SVR Low PAP Low PCWP
39
Hemodynamic finding of Cardiogenic shock
``` Low CO High SVR High PAP High PCWP High CVR Low LVSWI ```
40
Hemodynamic finding of Right heart failure
Low CO High CVP High PVR
41
Hemodynamic finding of Left sided heart failure
Low CO High PCWP High SVR
42
Nitroglycerin
Increases BP (dilates) Increases preload and after load Every 5 min x 3 Causes HA
43
Beta blockers - Lol
Decreases BP, pulse and contractility Decreases workload Decrease after load Increase CO
44
Diuretic
Decrease preload
45
ARBs
Decrease BP | Increase CO
46
Ace-inhibitor -pril
Decrease BP Decrease workload Decrease after load Increase CO
47
Digoxen
Increases contractility Increase CO Use in A-fib and HF
48
Drugs that decrease afterload
``` Vasodialte Sodium nitroprusside (nipride) Nitro Dobutamine Diuretics Ace inhibitors Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers Arbs (sartan) ```
49
Drugs to increase afterload
Vasopressors | (Norepinephrine/levophed, epinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine) or vasopressin
50
Drugs that decrease preload
``` Vasodilate Nitro Ace-pril Beta -lol Calcium channel blockers Arbs -sartan ```
51
Drugs that increase preload
Vasopressors (Norepinephrine/levophed, epinephrine, dopamine, phenylephrine) or vasopressin Or administer crystaloids, colloids, packed red blood cells
52
Drugs that increase contractility
Ace inhibitors | Digoxin
53
Drugs that decrease contractility
Beta blockers
54
V-tach treatment
Amiodorine or beta blockers | Cardio version and defibrillator
55
Transdermal MI
STEMI Q wave | Entire thickness of muscle
56
Subendocardial MI
NSTEMI no Q wave Inner aspect of muscle wall T wave inversion
57
Drugs to treat bradycardia
Atropine Eli Dopamine
58
Drugs to treat tachycardia
Beta blockers | Ca channel blockers
59
Drugs that treat arterial flutter
Cardioversion Anticoagulant Digoxin Amiodarone
60
Drugs that treat atrial fibrillation
Cardioversion Digoxin Beta blocker Amiodarone
61
Drugs that treat PVC
Lidocaine, procainamide, amiodarone | Correct potassium
62
Drugs that treat V-tach
Cardioversion Defibrillator Amiodarone Beta blocker
63
Drugs to treat V-fib
Defib
64
Drugs to treat asystole
Epi and atropine
65
Treat Hypovolemia
Ns bolus | Vasopressor
66
Treat left sided heart failure
``` Vasodialer Anti htn Dig No fluid Maybe a diuretic ```
67
Treat CHF
Diuretic Lasix Dig or doubtamine for contractility Nitro Ace
68
Amiodarone use
Vent dysrhythmia (tach and fib)
69
Lidocaine use
V tach | PVC
70
Nitroprusside use
Htn
71
Procainamide use
PVC

High Acuity (2 decks)

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