Cardio 4

Question 1

difference between plasma and interstitial fluid

Answer 1

plasma proteins

Question 2

Albumin

Answer 2

prevents too much filtration from occuring

Question 3

globulins

Answer 3

clotting factors

Question 4

fibrinogen

Answer 4

frms fibrin threads essential to blood clotting

Question 5

tarnsferrin

Answer 5

iron transport

Question 6

hematocrit

Answer 6

RBC’s

Question 7

buffy coat

Answer 7

WBC and platelets

Question 8

plasma (55-60%)

Answer 8

electrolytes, plasma proteins

Question 9

hematopoiesis

Answer 9

• production of blood cells
• 75% of cell production is WBC
• guided by cytokines

Question 10

erythropoietin

Answer 10

RBC production

stimulated by low oxygen (hypoxia) and guides erythropoietin

Question 11

thrombopoietin

Answer 11

influences growth of megakaryocytes (platelets)

Question 12

colony-stimulating factors, stem cell factor, interleukins

Answer 12

influences growth of blood cells and mobilized hematopietic stem cells

Question 13

erythropoiesis

Answer 13

RBC production

Question 14

Leukopoiesis

Answer 14

leukocyte (WBC) production (CSF’s)

Question 15

thrombopoeiesis

Answer 15

thrombocyte (platelet) production (TPO)

Question 16

erythrocytes

Answer 16

• most abundant in the blood

- non-nucleated

Question 17

erythrocytes main function

Answer 17

1. carry O2 from lungs to tissues
2. carry CO2 from tissue to lungs
3. Assist in the buffering of acids and abses

Question 18

hemoglobin

Answer 18

1 hemoglobin has 4 oxygen molecules

4 oxygen because it has 4 heme groups and each heme group binds with 1 oxy

Question 19

Granulocytes

Answer 19

contains cytoplasmic granules

• neutrophil - most abundant leukocyte; phagocytosis
• eosinophil - response to virus’ and in allergic reactions
• basophil - least common; heparin and peroxidase play a role in allergic reactions

Question 20

Non-granule containing lymphocytes and monocytes

Answer 20

• monocytes - spend life in peripheral tissues developing into macrophages
  ~phagocytosis of pathogens
  ~present antigens to lymphocytes
• lymphocytes
  ~T-cells - cell mediated immunity
  ~B-cells - humoral immunity

Question 21

platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 21

• no nucleus

- needed for homeeostasis

Question 22

Vasoconstriction

Answer 22

reduced pressure in the damaged region

-paracrine signlas released

Question 23

Platelet plug formation

Answer 23

1. exposed collagen binds to activated platelets
2. release of platelet facors - serotonin, PAF
3. von willenbrand factor causes platelets to form bridges

Question 24

coagulation

Answer 24

• intrinsic pathway
  Factor XII is actived when exposed to collogen, activated platelets
  Final product: Factor Xa
• extrinsic pathway
  Factor VII leaves vessel, binds to tissue receptor and become activated by Factor VIIa
  Final product is factor Xa
• common pathway
  factor Xa from intrinsic and extrinsic is used to create thrombin which converts fibrinogen to fibrin clot

Question 25

fibrinolysis

Answer 25

breakdown of clots - plasminogen covnerts to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator - plasmin can break down fibrin and fibrinogen