Flashcards in Cardio Deck (75)
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1
What does the left circumflex artery supply
Left ventricular wall
2
What does the marginal branch supply
Right ventricle
3
What does the posterior descending artery supply
Posterior and inferior left ventricle
4
Calculate map
1/3 systolic + 2/3 diastolic
5
Name the three layers of arteries and veins
Intima media adventitia
6
What is the aorta is blood supply
Vasa vasorum
7
Inotropy
Myocardial contraction
8
Lusitropy
Myocardial relaxion
9
Chronotropy
SA node firing
10
Dromotropy
AV mode conduction velocity
11
Me neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
Norepinephrine
12
Where is renin released from
The kidneys
13
Three reasons why am renin is released
Low blood pressure
low sodium
norepinephrine stimulation
14
Where is angiotensinogen made
Liver
15
Four things that angiotensin II does
Smooth muscle construction
water resorption
ADH release
aldosterone release
16
Purpose of aldosterone
Triggers renal sodium and water resorption and potassium excretion
17
Recommended daily allowance of sodium per day
1500 mg per day
18
How much do most antihypertensive meds drop blood pressure
7-13 / 7-8
19
Mechanism of action of diuretics
Inhibits the NaCl pump on the distal convoluted tubule leading to increased sodium excretion and water excretion
20
Class of HCTZ
Diuretic
21
Side effect of HCTZ
Hypokalemia
22
Mechanism of action of potassium sparing diuretics
Block sodium channels in the distal nephron
23
Midamore
Amiloride
Potassium sparing diuretics
24
Dyreniun
Triamterene
Potassium sparing diuretics
25
Side effect of potassium sparing diuretics
Hyperkalemia
26
Class of antihypertensives used and CHF
Loop diuretics
27
Mechanism of action of Loop diuretics
Blocks sodium potassium chloride transporter in the loop of Henley. Decreased sodium reabsorption and thus less watery absorption
28
Ladin
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
29
Side effect of Loop diuretics
Dehydration leaving to Renal failure
30
Demedex
Torsemide
Loop diuretic
31
Mechanism of action of ace inhibitors
Decrease angiotensin II production
increase bradykinin levels
decrease sympathetic activity
32
Prinvil
Lisinopril
ACEi
33
First line antihypertensive for patients with renal disease
Ace inhibitors
34
Side effect of lisinopril
Angioedema and cough
35
Vasotec
Enalapril
ACEi
36
Diovan
Valsartan
ARB
37
Cozaar
Losartan
ARB
38
Mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonist
Aldosterone receptor antagonist
increase potassium
decrease sodium reabsorption and thus less water reabsorption
39
Aldactone
Spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist
40
Side effect of Aldactone
Decreases testosterone and increases estradiol leaving to gynecomastia impotence and menstrual abnormalities
41
Mechanism of action of beta blockers
Competitively inhibits beta-1 receptors
decreases heart rate and contractility
lowers cardiac output
42
Lopressor
Metoprolol
Beta blocker
43
Contraindication of beta blockers
Asthma and COPD
44
Trandate
Labetolol
Beta blocker
45
Which beta blocker also has alpha-1 inhibition
Labetalol
46
Alpha blocker mechanism of action
Alpha-1 receptors blocker
47
Cardua
Doxazosin
Alpha blocker
48
Hytrin
Terazosin
Alpha blocker
49
Mechanism of action of sympatholytic agents
Alpha-2 receptors agonists decreased resistance by decreasing sympathetic outflow and depleting norepinephrine
50
Catapress
Clonidine
Alpha-2 receptors agonist
51
Side effects of Catapress
Rebound hypertension sexual dysfunction
52
Which antihypertensive helps with heroin withdrawal
Catapres
53
Mechanism of action of calcium channel blocker's
Block calcium channels and reduce intracellular calcium and reduce vasoconstriction
54
Mechanism of action of non-dihydropyridine's
Decrease force of contraction
vasodilation
slow SA and AV node
55
Mechanism of action of dihydropyridine's
Decrease SVR an arterial pressure
56
Side effect of dihydropyridine's
Reflex tachycardia
57
Norvasc
Amlodipine
Dihydro CCB
58
Procardia
Nifedipine
Dihydro CCB
59
Cardiazem
Diltiazem
Nondihydro
60
Side effect of Cardiazem
Peripheral edema
61
First-line antihypertensive for a fib patients
Cardiazem
62
What does the LAD supply?
The septum in the anterior ventricular wall
63
Symptoms of mitral regurgitation
Dyspnea
fatiguability
palpitation
left-sided heart failure
64
Most common cause of mitral regurgitation
MVP
65
Hello systolic murmur at the apex of the heart
Mitral regurgitation
66
Mid systolic click and late systolic murmur
MVP
67
Most common cause of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
68
Symptoms of mitral stenosis
Dyspnea hemoptysis palpitations fatigue
69
Symptoms of aortic stenosis
Dyspnea
exertional syncope
pulmonary congestion
fatigue
70
Paradoxically split s2
Aortic stenosis
71
Acute causes of aortic regurgitation
Endocarditis
aortic dissection
Trauma
72
Chronic causes of aortic regurgitation
Rheumatic heart disease
bicuspid valve
Marfan syndrome
73
Symptoms of tricuspid regurgitation
Dyspnea
systemic vascular congestion
74
Symptoms of tricuspid stenosis
Fatigue
systemic vascular congestion
75
