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Family Practice > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What does the left circumflex artery supply

A

Left ventricular wall

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2
Q

What does the marginal branch supply

A

Right ventricle

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3
Q

What does the posterior descending artery supply

A

Posterior and inferior left ventricle

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4
Q

Calculate map

A

1/3 systolic + 2/3 diastolic

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5
Q

Name the three layers of arteries and veins

A

Intima media adventitia

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6
Q

What is the aorta is blood supply

A

Vasa vasorum

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7
Q

Inotropy

A

Myocardial contraction

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8
Q

Lusitropy

A

Myocardial relaxion

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9
Q

Chronotropy

A

SA node firing

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10
Q

Dromotropy

A

AV mode conduction velocity

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11
Q

Me neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Norepinephrine

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12
Q

Where is renin released from

A

The kidneys

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13
Q

Three reasons why am renin is released

A

Low blood pressure
low sodium
norepinephrine stimulation

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14
Q

Where is angiotensinogen made

A

Liver

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15
Q

Four things that angiotensin II does

A

Smooth muscle construction
water resorption
ADH release
aldosterone release

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16
Q

Purpose of aldosterone

A

Triggers renal sodium and water resorption and potassium excretion

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17
Q

Recommended daily allowance of sodium per day

A

1500 mg per day

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18
Q

How much do most antihypertensive meds drop blood pressure

A

7-13 / 7-8

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19
Q

Mechanism of action of diuretics

A

Inhibits the NaCl pump on the distal convoluted tubule leading to increased sodium excretion and water excretion

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20
Q

Class of HCTZ

A

Diuretic

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21
Q

Side effect of HCTZ

A

Hypokalemia

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22
Q

Mechanism of action of potassium sparing diuretics

A

Block sodium channels in the distal nephron

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23
Q

Midamore

A

Amiloride

Potassium sparing diuretics

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24
Q

Dyreniun

A

Triamterene

Potassium sparing diuretics

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25
Q

Side effect of potassium sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalemia

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26
Q

Class of antihypertensives used and CHF

A

Loop diuretics

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27
Q

Mechanism of action of Loop diuretics

A

Blocks sodium potassium chloride transporter in the loop of Henley. Decreased sodium reabsorption and thus less watery absorption

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28
Q

Ladin

A

Furosemide

Loop diuretic

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29
Q

Side effect of Loop diuretics

A

Dehydration leaving to Renal failure

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30
Q

Demedex

A

Torsemide

Loop diuretic

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31
Q

Mechanism of action of ace inhibitors

A

Decrease angiotensin II production
increase bradykinin levels
decrease sympathetic activity

32
Q

Prinvil

A

Lisinopril

ACEi

33
Q

First line antihypertensive for patients with renal disease

A

Ace inhibitors

34
Q

Side effect of lisinopril

A

Angioedema and cough

35
Q

Vasotec

A

Enalapril

ACEi

36
Q

Diovan

A

Valsartan

ARB

37
Q

Cozaar

A

Losartan

ARB

38
Q

Mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonist

A

Aldosterone receptor antagonist
increase potassium
decrease sodium reabsorption and thus less water reabsorption

39
Q

Aldactone

A

Spironolactone

Aldosterone antagonist

40
Q

Side effect of Aldactone

A

Decreases testosterone and increases estradiol leaving to gynecomastia impotence and menstrual abnormalities

41
Q

Mechanism of action of beta blockers

A

Competitively inhibits beta-1 receptors
decreases heart rate and contractility
lowers cardiac output

42
Q

Lopressor

A

Metoprolol

Beta blocker

43
Q

Contraindication of beta blockers

A

Asthma and COPD

44
Q

Trandate

A

Labetolol

Beta blocker

45
Q

Which beta blocker also has alpha-1 inhibition

A

Labetalol

46
Q

Alpha blocker mechanism of action

A

Alpha-1 receptors blocker

47
Q

Cardua

A

Doxazosin

Alpha blocker

48
Q

Hytrin

A

Terazosin

Alpha blocker

49
Q

Mechanism of action of sympatholytic agents

A

Alpha-2 receptors agonists decreased resistance by decreasing sympathetic outflow and depleting norepinephrine

50
Q

Catapress

A

Clonidine

Alpha-2 receptors agonist

51
Q

Side effects of Catapress

A

Rebound hypertension sexual dysfunction

52
Q

Which antihypertensive helps with heroin withdrawal

A

Catapres

53
Q

Mechanism of action of calcium channel blocker’s

A

Block calcium channels and reduce intracellular calcium and reduce vasoconstriction

54
Q

Mechanism of action of non-dihydropyridine’s

A

Decrease force of contraction
vasodilation
slow SA and AV node

55
Q

Mechanism of action of dihydropyridine’s

A

Decrease SVR an arterial pressure

56
Q

Side effect of dihydropyridine’s

A

Reflex tachycardia

57
Q

Norvasc

A

Amlodipine

Dihydro CCB

58
Q

Procardia

A

Nifedipine

Dihydro CCB

59
Q

Cardiazem

A

Diltiazem

Nondihydro

60
Q

Side effect of Cardiazem

A

Peripheral edema

61
Q

First-line antihypertensive for a fib patients

A

Cardiazem

62
Q

What does the LAD supply?

A

The septum in the anterior ventricular wall

63
Q

Symptoms of mitral regurgitation

A

Dyspnea
fatiguability
palpitation
left-sided heart failure

64
Q

Most common cause of mitral regurgitation

A

MVP

65
Q

Hello systolic murmur at the apex of the heart

A

Mitral regurgitation

66
Q

Mid systolic click and late systolic murmur

A

MVP

67
Q

Most common cause of mitral stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

68
Q

Symptoms of mitral stenosis

A

Dyspnea hemoptysis palpitations fatigue

69
Q

Symptoms of aortic stenosis

A

Dyspnea
exertional syncope
pulmonary congestion
fatigue

70
Q

Paradoxically split s2

A

Aortic stenosis

71
Q

Acute causes of aortic regurgitation

A

Endocarditis
aortic dissection
Trauma

72
Q

Chronic causes of aortic regurgitation

A

Rheumatic heart disease
bicuspid valve
Marfan syndrome

73
Q

Symptoms of tricuspid regurgitation

A

Dyspnea

systemic vascular congestion

74
Q

Symptoms of tricuspid stenosis

A

Fatigue

systemic vascular congestion

75
Q

Most common cause of tricuspid stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

Family Practice (1 decks)

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