cardio

Question 1

most common cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

dilated

Question 2

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 2

???, etoh, chf

Question 3

causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

fibrosis

Question 4

poor filling is what type of cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

restrictive

Question 5

poor pumping is what type of cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

dilated

Question 6

how do you treat HCM

Answer 6

bb, CCB, surgery, PPM

Question 7

hypertensive urgency: BP is ___

Answer 7

185/110

Question 8

hypertensive emergency: BP is___

Answer 8

220/120

Question 9

hypertensive urgency: reduce within what time frame

Answer 9

reduce by 25% in 1-2 days PO

Question 10

hypertensive emergency: reduce within what time frame

Answer 10

reduce by 10% in 1h, then 15% next 2-3h IV

Question 11

what other electrolyte drops with diuretics

Answer 11

K

Question 12

will a thiazide increase or decrease Ca

Answer 12

decrease (can use to tx kidney stones)

Question 13

examples of thiazides

Answer 13

HCTZ, chlorthalidone

Question 14

will thiazides increase or decrease Mg

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

will thiazides increase or decrease uric acid

Answer 15

increase

Question 16

will thiazides increase or decrease glucose

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

examples of loop diuretics

Answer 17

furosemide, ethycrinic acid

Question 18

do loops or thiazides cause ototoxicity

Answer 18

loops

Question 19

which 2 ccb are NDHPs?

Answer 19

verapamil, diltiazem - work more on cardiac tissue

Question 20

which 2 ccb are DHPs?

Answer 20

amlodopine, nifidepine - work more peripherally

Question 21

name 2 centrally acting HTN meds

Answer 21

clonidine, methyldopa

Question 22

name 3 arteriolar dilators

Answer 22

nitroprusside, hydralazine, minoxidil

Question 23

when do you use arteriolar dilators

Answer 23

hypertensive emergencies

Question 24

what HTN med is used to treat hair loss in men

Answer 24

minoxidil (this is the same as rogaine)

Question 25

Major Duke criteria

Answer 25

1. + blood culture | 2. + echo

Question 26

what are the major duke criteria blood cultures

Answer 26

strep viridans, strep bovis, staph aureus, enterococcus, HACEK (haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikinella, kingella)

Question 27

what are the minor Duke criteria?

Answer 27

1. fever 2. predisposing factor 3. embolic event 4. immunologic event 5. blood culture that doesn't meet major criteria

Question 28

but like how do you use the duke criteria to dx endocarditis

Answer 28

* 2 major criteria * 1 major criteria + 3 minor * 5 minor criteria

Question 29

for how long do you treat endocarditis with abx

Answer 29

4-6 weeks, IV wowza | endless endocarditis

Question 30

what do you call pericarditis that occurs after an MI

Answer 30

Dressler syndrome

Question 31

what 4 conditions in a test question should point you toward a pericardial effusion or tamponade

Answer 31

pericarditis* myxedema CHF trauma

Question 32

hypotension, neck vein distention, distant heart sounds = ?

Answer 32

Becks triad of pericardial tamponade

Question 33

cxr buzz word findings of pericardial tamponade

Answer 33

water bottle heart

Question 34

ekg buzzword findings of pericardial tamponade

Answer 34

low QRS voltages or ELECTRICAL ALTERNANS***

Question 35

during a cardiac stress test, an ST depression of ___mm is a positive test

Answer 35

1

Question 36

STE in leads II, III, avF

Answer 36

inferior

Question 37

STE in leads v1 and v2

Answer 37

septal

Question 38

STE in leads v2-v4

Answer 38

anterior

Question 39

STE in leads v1-v4

Answer 39

posterior OR anteroseptal

Question 40

leads I, avL, v5 and v6

Answer 40

lateral

Question 41

"door to balloon" time for PCI in heart attacks is how many minutes

Answer 41

90 mins

Question 42

Kussmauls sign/increased jvp with inspiration makes you think what 2 dx

Answer 42

constrictive pericarditis | pericardial tamponade

Question 43

pericardial knock

Answer 43

constrictive pericarditis

Question 44

pericardial thickening + calcifications

Answer 44

constrictive pericarditis

Question 45

1yo w. viral illness then s/s of HF

Answer 45

myocarditis

Question 46

Jones major and minor

Answer 46

major: polyarthritis, carditis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subq nodules. minor: fever, arthralgias, inc esr/crp, inc PRI

Question 47

+ PAD if the ABI shows a ratio less than ___

Answer 47

0.90

Question 48

PAD vs. PVD: worse with sitting, brownish skin, normal pulse, normal temp, + edema

Answer 48

PVD

Question 49

PAD vs. PVD: worse w walking, shiny skin, decreased pulse, cool, no edema

Answer 49

PAD

Question 50

when is an AAA (non ruptured) an emergency

Answer 50

>5.5cm or growth of 0.5cm in 6 months

Question 51

wtf even is thromboangiitis obliterans/buerger dz

Answer 51

inflammation of small and medium vessels

Question 52

any young patient, esp a male smoker, with claudication you should think this disease

Answer 52

thromboangiitis obliterans/buerger dz

Question 53

if there is a pt with MIGRATORY phlebitis, it is going to be one of two things: what are they

Answer 53

vasculitis | malignancy

Question 54

what wells score makes you get a DDIMER

Answer 54

<1

Question 55

what wells score makes you get an US

Answer 55

>2

Question 56

how long do you anticoag a first DVT for

Answer 56

3-6mo

Question 57

how long do you anticoag a recurrent DVT for

Answer 57

12 mo maybe life

Question 58

hypovolemic shock, e.g. hemorrhage, what kind of fluids? how aggressive?

Answer 58

IV crystalloids, aggressive

Question 59

cardiogenic shock, e.g. MI, what kind of fluids? how aggressive?

Answer 59

isotonic, SMALL amounts and SLOWLY

Question 60

obstructive shock is caused by what types of events

Answer 60

like PE, PTX

Question 61

distributive shock is what 3 types of shock

Answer 61

anaphylaxis, septic, neurogenic