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PANCE > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

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1
Q

First line tx for CAD

decreases mortality

reduces myocardial O2 requirements during stress/exercise

A

Beta blockers

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2
Q

Increases vasodilation
prevents ischemia induced by coronary vasospasm

*decreases contractility
*decreases HR
*decreases afterload

A

CCB

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3
Q

PCI or CABG:

1 or 2 vessel disease NOT involving main left coronary artery PLUS normal or near normal LV function

A

PCI

*plavix and aspirin after procedure

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4
Q

PCI or CABG:

Left main coronary artery disease
Symptomatic 3 vessels disease
EF < 40%

A

CABG

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5
Q

MC cause of MI

A

atherosclerosis

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6
Q

appears at 4-8 hours

peaks at 12-24 hours

A

troponins

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7
Q

how long until troponins return to baseline?

A

7-10 days

*most sensitive and specific

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8
Q

Goal time window for PCI?

A

90 mins

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9
Q
  1. abdominal obesity
  2. triglycerides > 150
  3. HDL < 40 for males, <50 for females
  4. fasting glucose >110
  5. HTN
A

metabolic syndrome (if 3 or more)

*RF for CAD

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10
Q

horizontal or downsloping ST depression

*but, 25% will be normal

=ECG for..?

A

Angina

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11
Q

Which drug class will prolong life in CAD

A

Beta blockers

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12
Q

“post MI syndrome”

pericarditis
fever
leukocytosis
pericardial or pleural effusion

A

Dressler Syndrome

*usually 1-2 weeks post MI

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13
Q

ST elevation >1mm in 2 contiguous leads

Peaked T waves –> ST elevation –> Q waves –> T wave inversion

A

STEMI ECG changes

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14
Q

ST elevation in:

II, III, aVF

*where is the MI?

A

Inferior

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15
Q

ST elevation in:

V1, V2

*where is the MI?

A

Posterior or anteroseptal

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16
Q

ST elevation in:

v1, v2, v3

*where is the MI?

A

Anterior

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17
Q

ST elevation in

v4, v5, v6

MI?

A

Anterolateral

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18
Q

DOC for cocaine induced MIs or Prinzmetals?

A

CCBs

DO NOT USE BETA BLOCKERS

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19
Q

Timeline for…

  • PCI?
  • Thrombolytics?
A

PCI= 90 mins

Thrombolytics= 3 hours

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20
Q

Decreased EF
S3 gallop

*MC type of HF

A

Systolic HF

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21
Q

Normal EF
S4 gallop

A

Diastolic HF

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22
Q

Dyspnea, orthopnea, PND
Pulmonary congestion, rales, rhonci
Cheyne stokes

what side HF?

A

Left sided

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23
Q

Deeper, faster breathing with gradual decrease and periods of apnea

A

Cheyne Stokes

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24
Q

Peripheral edema
JVD
GI/hepatic congestion (hepatojugular reflex)

what side HF?

A

Right sided HF

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25
DOC for CHF?
ACE
26
Kerley B lines Butterfly pattern Cardiomegaly Pleural effusion
CHF CXR
27
ACE ARB Beta blockers Hydralazine, nitrates ....are all ______ that decrease \_\_\_\_\_
**vasodilators** that decrease **afterload**
28
Diuretics work to decrease...
preload
29
Are CCBs used in SYSTOLIC or DIASTOLIC HF?
Diastolic only
30
At what ejection fraction can you start to consider an ICD?
\<35%
31
MC cause= viral (**coxsackie, echovirus**) CP, sharp and worse w inspiration Worse with lying flat Improved when leaning foreward **diffuse ST elevations in V1-V6**
Pericarditis
32
1. distant heart sounds 2. increased JVP 3. systemic hypotension
Beck's triad \*seen in cardiac tamponade
33
\>10 mmHg in SBP with inspiration
Pulsus paradoxus **seen in tamponade**
34
2 things youll see **low voltage QRS complexes**
1. cardiac tamponade 2. pericardial effusion
35
MC cardiomyopathy \*50% idiopathic \*can be viral **(coxsackie, echo, parvovirus)** \*ETOH, cocaine
Dilated cardiomyopathy
36
How does dilated cardiomyopathy present?
Like systolic HF \*S3 gallop (**tx like HF...ACE, diuretics, beta blockers**)
37
Apical left ventricular ballooning \*follows events that cause **catecholamine surge** - -\> ST elevations - -\> positive enzymes - -\> normal arteries on cath
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
38
harsh **systolic** crescendo-decrescendo murmur best heard at **LUSB**
HCM murmur
39
what does the HCM murmur do with: squatting and lying down
DECREASES (bc venous return is increased)
40
what does HCM murmur do with: standing, valsalva
INCREASES | (decreases venous return)
41
Most uncommon form of cardiomyopathy \*caused by **amyloidosis,** sarcoidosis, etc.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
42
Valve most affected with Rheumatic fever?
Mitral valve
43
1. migratory polyarthritis 2. active carditis 3. sydenhams chorea 4. subcutaenous nodules 5. erythema marginatum
major criteria for **rheumatic fever** (minor= fever, arthralgias, ESR/CRP/WBC, prolonged PR)
44
Rheumatic fever tx?
Penicillin G
45
Seen following: TB, radiation therapy, cardiac surgery right sided HF + kussmal's septal bounce decreased mitral inflow velocities w inspiration
constrictive pericarditis
46
systolic ejection murmur in 2nd and 3rd ICS parasternally \*can lead to paradoxic emboli (lead to stroke)
patent foramen ovale
47
true or false Right coronary artery supplies inferior heart blockage would be shown in II, III, aVF
true
48
the LAD supplies which portion of the heart
anterior | (V2, V3, V4)
49
which lab is best to examine recurrent chest pain: trops, CK-MB or CK
CK-MB
50
51
true or false ostium secundum is the MC cause of ASD
true
52
often seen in premies ## Footnote **continuous machine like murmur**
PDA
53
BP UE \> LE weak femoral pulses ## Footnote **rib notching, 3 sign on CXR**
coarcation of aorta \*angiogram= gold standard
54
blue baby syndrome heard at pulmonic area (LUSB) boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
55
for hypertensive emergency, want to lower BP 10% within...
the first hour \*then another 15% in 2-3 hours
56
target LDL goals for.... 1. DM/CAD 2. other RFs 3. no RFs
1. \<100 2. \<130 3. \<160
57
true or false... naficillin and gent for endocarditis
true
58
screening for AAA for: 1. 3-4 cm 2. 4-4.5 cm 3. 5.5 or more than 0.5 cm growth in 6 mo
1. U/S q 1 year 2. U/S q 6 mo 3. SURGERY
59
BP difference in limbs is seen in..
aortic dissection
60
U waves associated with...
hypokalemia
61
RBCs break down or lyse in response to some meds, infections or stressor \*can be seen with hydroxychloroquine
G6PD deficiency
62
prazosin can be used for both...
HTN and BPH

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