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MJ- PCS1 EOR > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

MCC Torsades?

A

hypomagnesemia

hypokalemia

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2
Q

Tx for stable sustained VT

A

Amiodarone

(can also use lidocaine or procainamide)

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3
Q

Unstable VT with a pulse

A

Synchronized cardioversion

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4
Q

VT (no pulse) tx

A

Defib + CPR

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5
Q

Tx for Torsades de pointes

A

IV magnesium

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6
Q

Delta waves seen on EKG

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White

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7
Q

Tx for stable wolff parkinson white

A

Vagal maneuvers

_**Procainamide**_, Amiodarone, flecainide, Ibutilide

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8
Q

1st line tx for unstable wolff parkinson white

A

Synchronized cardioversion

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9
Q

Fixed split of S2 (doesnt vary with inspiration)

A

ASD, VSD

Pulmonary HTN

Mitral regurgitation

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10
Q

ejection click heard in systole

A

Mitral valve prolabse

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11
Q

Diastolic murmur:

Opening snap

Best heard where?

A

Opening snap= MS (also heard in TS but later)

MS- Best heard @ apex

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12
Q

Murmurs: Harsh/rumble= regurg or stenosis?

A

stenosis

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13
Q

Murmurs:

blowing= regurg or stenosis?

A

Regurg

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14
Q

which murmur radiates to carotid

A

AS

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15
Q

which murmur radiates to LUSB

A

AR

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16
Q

Which murmur radiates to the axilla

A

MR

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17
Q

Which murmur has no radiation

A

MS

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18
Q

Murmurs:

Carvallo’s sign (increased murmur intensity with inspiration

A

TR

(helps distinguish TR from MR)

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19
Q

Cheyne Stokes Breathing

A

Heart Failure

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20
Q

Pt comes to ER with dyspnea and has elevated BNP

A

Heart failure

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21
Q

Kerley B lines on CXR

A

heart failure

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22
Q

management for congestive (decompensated) heart failure

A

“LMNOP”

Lasix

Morphine

Nitro

Oxygen

Position (upright)

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23
Q

Pre HTN?

Stage 1?

Stage 2?

A

Pre= 120-139/80-89

Stage 1= 140-159/90-99

Stage 2= >160/100

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24
Q

What 5 drugs can be used to tx HTN urgency

A

Clonidine

Captopril

Furosemide

Labetolol

Nicardipine

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25
What BP is HTN emergency
\>180/120
26
27
3 meds used to tx HTN encephalopathy in HTN emergency
Nicrdipine or clevidipine Labetalol, Fenoldopam Sodium nitroprusside
28
2 meds used to tx hemorrhagic/ischemic stroke in HTN emergency Note: decrease BP ONLY if \>220/120 (not a thrombolytic candidate), \>185/110 (if a thrombolytic candidate)
Nicardipine or Labetalol
29
tx for cardiogenic shock (4 + 1 if refractory)
O2 + Isotonic fluids (sm amounts) + dobutamine + epi Refractory= + amrinone
30
What is Becks triad?
1. Distant heart sounds 2. Incr. JVP 3. Systemic hypotension = PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
31
Tx for acute pericarditis
**Aspirin or NSAIDS** (tx of choice) 2nd line= colchicine Refractory (sxs \>48h)= Steroids
32
What is Dresslers syndrome? how do you tx?
Acute pericarditis s/p MI Tx: Aspirin or Colchicine
33
Tx for pericardial tamponade
pericardiocentesis
34
_ECG findings:_ Low voltage QRS complex **electrical alternans\***
Pericardial effusion
35
MCC myocarditis
**_Enteroviruses (esp. Coxsackie B)_** also SLE, Rheumatic fever
36
Tx for myocarditis
Supportive mainstay of tx, standard systolic HF tx: * **Diuretics, ACE, Inotropic drugs** if severe- Dopamine, dobutamine, etc * BB (not in peds) * +/- IVIG
37
gold standard in dx myocarditis
endomyocardial bx
38
5 MAJOR jones criteria for rheumatic fever?
1. **_J_**oint (migratory polyarthritis) 2. **_O_**h my heart (active carditis) 3. **_N_**odules (subcutaneous) 4. _E_rythema marginatum 5. _S_ydenham's chorea + evidence of recent group A strep infection (pos throat culture or elevated ASO)
39
dx of rheumatic fever
jones criteria- 2 major or 1 major +2 minor
40
4 minor jones criteria for rheumatic fever
* Fever (\>101.3) * Arthralgia * Incr. ESR, CRP or leukocytosis * ECG: prolonged PR + evidence of recent group A strep infection (pos throat culture or elevated ASO)
41
Tx of rheumatic fever
* Aspirin (2-6wks w/ taper) * +/- corticosteroids in severe cases w/ carditis * _**Penicillin G\***_
42
MCC subacute bacterial endocarditis
**_strep viridans_** (subacute= infection of abnormal valves)
43
44
MCC acute bacteroial endocarditis and IVDA
**S. aureus** | (acute= infection of normal valves)
45
MCC infective endocarditis in men 50y/o w/ h/o GI/GU procedures
Enterococci
46
MCC prosthetic valve endocarditis
**Staph epidermidis** | (early, w/in 60d)
47
* **_Janeway lesions_** (painless erythematous macules on palms/soles) * **_Roth Spots_** (retinal hemorrhages) * **_Oslers nodes_** (tender nodules on the pads of the digits) * Splinter hemorrhages
infective endocarditis
48
Tx for acute (NV) infective endocarditis
_Nafcillin + Gentamicin_ x4-6wks OR Vanco + gentamicin
49
Tx for subacute (NV) infective endocarditis
PCN or Ampicillin + Gentamicin Vanco in IVDA
50
Tx for prosthetic valve infective endocarditis
Vanco + Gentamicin + Rifampin
51
Endocarditis prophylaxis tx
Amoxicillin 30-60 min prior to procedure PCN allergic= Clindamycin
52
5 indications for endocarditis prophylaxis
**1. Prosthetic (artificial) heart valves** **2. Heart repairs using prosthetic material (not including stents)** **3. H/o endocarditis** **4. Congenital heart dz** 5. Cardiac valvulopathy in a transplanted heart
53
Management of AAA: 3-4cm
monitor- U/S every year
54
Management of AAA: 4-4.5cm
monitor by US q6mo
55
Management of AAA: \>4.5cm
Vascular surgeon referral
56
Management of AAA: \>5.5cm or \>0.5cm expansion in 6mo
immediate surgical repair (even if asxs)
57
Initial Dx of choice for AAA?
Abdominal ultrasound | (esp if abd pain \>60y/o)
58
59
Test of choice for thoracic aneurysms
CT scan
60
Dx gold standard for AAA
Angiography
61
most important predisposing factor for aortic dissection
hypertension
62
test of choic for aortic dissection gold standard?
CT w/ contrast Gold= MRI angiography
63
What is seen on CXR in aortic dissection
widening of mediastinum
64
Tx for aortic dissection
* acute proximal or acute distal w/ complications= surgery * Descending w/o complications= medical (esmolol, labetolol 1st line)
65
Q wave/ST elevations in V1 through V4
(anterior wall) Left Anterior Descending
66
Q wave/ST elevations in I, aVL, V4, V6
Lateral wall (circumflex)
67
Q wave/ST elevations in I, aVL, V4 + V5 + V6
Anterolateral wall mid LAD or CFX
68
Q wave/ST elevations in II, III, aVF
Inferior wall Right coronary artery
69
ST depressions V1-V2
Posterior wall RCA, CFX

MJ- PCS1 EOR (5 decks)

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