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phase 3b > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of heart failure

A

Ischaemia

HTN

alcohol

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2
Q

symptoms of HF

A

SOB

ankle swelling

fatigue

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3
Q

investigations in suspected heart failure

A

Echo: ejection fraction reduced

BNP: increased

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4
Q

How would you manage a patient with HF?

A

lifestyle

Symptoms: diuretics, loop or potassium sparing

1st: ACEI and BB
2nd: ARB

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5
Q

What are the catagories in CHADSVASc

A

CHF
HTN
Age>75
Db
Stroke/TIA
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex: Female

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6
Q

Management of stable angina?

A

GTN
BB: bisoprolol
CCB (verapamil if instead of BB, amlodipine if + BB)
Aspirin

Long acting nitrate
Ivabradine
Ranolazine
Statin

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7
Q

Systolic murmurs

A

Ejection: AS
Pan: MR, innocent flow murmur
late: Mitral prolapse
continuous machine: PDA

*associated with Turners*

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8
Q

early diastolic mumur

A

AR

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9
Q

pansystolic mumur

A

MR

VSD

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10
Q

Mid-late diastolic murmur

A

MS

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11
Q

AS murmur

A

Ejection systolic, radiates to carotids

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12
Q

AR murmur

A

early diastolic

collapsing pulse

head bobbing

blowing

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13
Q

MR murmur?

A

pansystolic at apex, radiates to axilla

Blowing

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14
Q

MS murmru

A

mid late diastolic best heard left lateral positions
laterally displaced apex

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15
Q

Machine like murmur?

A

PDA

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16
Q

Features of PDA OE

A

L->R shunt (breathless)

left subclavicular thrill

continuous ‘machinery’ murmur

large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse

wide pulse pressure

heaving apex beat

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17
Q

Describe 1st degree heart block ECG

A

increased PR interval

18
Q

Describe 2nd degree heart block ECG

A

Mobitz 1: increasing PR then dropped QRS

Mobitz II: increased PR then dropped QRS

19
Q

Describe 3rd degree heart block ECG

A

no relation between P and QRS

20
Q

When do you cardivert?

A

onset within 48 hours

hypotensive

21
Q

what is wolff parkinson white syndrome?

A

ventricular pre-excitation syndrome associated with paroxysmal tachy

22
Q

what causes WPWS?

A

congential abnormality - accessory pathway connecting atria and ventricles

23
Q

What does an ECG look like in a pt with WPWS?

A

slurred QRS start

24
Q

How do you manage WPWS?

A

1st: radiofrequency ablation
2nd: amiodarone, sotalol

25
which medication is absolutely contraindicated in WPSP?
Digoxin
26
How does pericarditis present?
acute chest pain worst on inspiration, better when leaning forward radiates to neck and shoulders dyspnoea and cough rash, joint pain, fever, weight loss
27
sound OE of acute pericarditis?
pericardial rub
28
ECG findings in pericaritis?
ST elevation, saddle shaped ST, PR depression
29
How do you manage acute pericarditis?
NSAIDS colchicine after 14 days no imporvement steroids if still no improvement
30
causes of pericarditis?
viral: coxsackie b, echo, HIV autoimmune: sjorens, RA, SLE
31
tetralogy of falot
1) pulm stenosis 2) RV outflow obstruction 3) overriding aorta 4) ventricular septal defect
32
how do you manage transposition of the great arteries?
IV prostaglandins atrial septostomy arterial switch
33
what causes infective endocarditis?
Rheumatic heart disease valvular disease prosthetic valve IVDU
34
How does sub acute infective endocarditis present?
* Janeway lesions * Oslers nodes * Purpura * fever
35
Acute infective endocarditis presentation?
* splinter haemorrhages * petechiae * night sweats * rigor \*if new murmur and fever = IE until proven otherwise
36
causative organisms of infective endocarditis?
staph aureus staph epidermis \*gram +ve cocci\*
37
how do you investigate infective endocarditis?
DUKES CRITERIA echo: larger vegetations microbiol: 3 samples in 24h,( first before Abx , diff sites, diff times)
38
How do you manage infective endocarditis?
actute: fluclox, gent sub acute: benpen, gent prosethic/resistant: genta, rifampicin surgery: valve replacement
39
Which cardiac rhythms are non-shockable
Pulseless electrical activity and asystole
40
in which patients are nitrates CI?
hypotensive

phase 3b (15 decks)

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