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PANCE Prep > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

MC type of cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

3 types of cardiomyopathies

A
  1. Dilated
  2. Restrictive
  3. Hypertrophic
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3
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with _____ dysfunction

A

Systolic

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4
Q

MC etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic

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5
Q

MC infectious cause of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Viral (enterovirus, coxsackievirus B)

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Systolic heart failure

  • dyspnea
  • fatigue
  • peripheral edema
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7
Q

Physical examination of dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • S3 gallop

- laterally displaced PMI

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8
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Echocardiogram

  • left ventricular dilation
  • thin ventricular walls
  • DECREASED ejection fraction (<30%)
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9
Q

Txm for dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  • Treat underlying cause

- Mortality reduction w/ ACEI and B-blockers

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10
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • Diastolic dysfunction in a non-dilated ventricle

- impedes ventricular filling

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11
Q

MC etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Infiltrative disease

  • Amyloidosis (MC)
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Scleroderma
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12
Q

Clinical manifestations of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Right sided HF

  • peripheral edema
  • JVD
  • ascites
  • hepatomegaly
  • Dyspnea
  • Kussmaul’s sign: increase in JV pressure w/ inspiration
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13
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Echocardiogram

  • Non-dilated ventricle w/ normal thickness
  • diastolic dysfunction
  • Marked dilation of both atria
  • NORMAL EF
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14
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy definitive diagnosis

A

Endomyocardial biopsy

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15
Q

Txm for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Treat underlying cause

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16
Q

Myocardial hypertrophy, often asymmetrical, that occurs in the absence of inciting hypertrophy stimulus

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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17
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy clinical features

A

-Dyspnea, atypical chest pain, syncope, fatigue, Sudden cardiac death

  • Systolic murmur at lower left eternal border
    • increases w/ decreased filling
    • Decreases w/ increased filling
    • Milk Jug analogy
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18
Q

MCC of sudden death in young otherwise healthy patients

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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19
Q

Test of choice to diagnose Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A

Doppler Echocardiography

Shows septal hypertrophy, normal systolic fxn, poor diastolic fxn, degree of mitral regurgitation

20
Q

W/ hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, avoid ___, ___, and ___

Study These Flashcards
A

Digoxin, vasodilation, and exertion

To avoid increased outflow obstruction

21
Q

Txm for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A

-improve diastolic fxn: BBs, CCBs

22
Q

1st degree AV block

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 1 P wave/QRS
  • Prolonged, constant PR interval
  • No txm
23
Q

2nd Degree AV block Type I is also known as what?

24
Q

PR progressively increases until a QRS is “dropped”

Study These Flashcards
A

2nd degree AV block Wenckebach

25
Prolonged PR intervals constant until QRS drop
2nd degree AV block Mobitz II
26
Txm for 2nd degree AV block
Type I: atropine, pacer IF symptomatic Type II: Pacer
27
P wave regular, QRS regular, but all unrelated
3rd degree AV block
28
Txm for 3rd degree AV block
Pacing
29
Types of regular tachydysrhythmias w/ NARROW QRS
- Sinus tachycardia - Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) - Atrial flutter (A-flutter)
30
Types of irregular tachydysrhythmias w/ NARROW QRS
- Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) - Atrial flutter w/ variable conduction - Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MFAT)
31
Types of regular tachydysrhythmias w/ WIDE QRS
- Sinus tachycardia w/ aberrant conduction - Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) - Polymorphic V-Tach
32
Types of irregular tachydysrhythmias w/ WIDE QRS
- Atrial fibrillation w/ BBB | - Atrial fibrillation w/ WPW
33
Continuous machine-like murmur that is loudest at the left upper sternal border on physical exam
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
34
Pathophysiology responsible for PDA
Continued prostaglandin E1 production & low arterial oxygen content promotes patency
35
Eisenmenger Syndrome
Pulmonary HTN & cyanosis heart disease occurring when left-to-right shunt SWITCHES to right-to-left shunt (cyanosis)
36
Persistent communication between the descending thoracic aorta & main pulmonary artery after birth
Patent ductus arteriosus
37
PDA is usually associated w/ a ______ shunt
Left-to-right shunt
38
Best initial test to diagnose PDA
Echocardiogram
39
Txm for UNstable bradydysrhythmias
+/- atropine → pacer → pressors (epi/dopamine)
40
Txm for ventricular escape rhythm
Pacer
41
Txm for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
Treat the underlying cause
42
Txm for sinus tachycardia
Treat the underlying cause
43
Txm for supraventricular tachycardia
-Vagal manuvers -Adenosine -AV Nodal blockers -Amiodarone Synchronized cardioversion
44
Txm for A-Fib/flutter
- AVN blockers, Amiodarone | - Anticoagulation
45
V-tach txm
- Lidocaine - Amiodarone - Procainamide - Cardioversion
46
Txm for A-Fib w/ WPW
Procainamide or shock
47
Txm for polymorphic VT & Torsades
- Cardiovert/defibrillate if unstable - QT normal → ventricular antidysrhymic to prevent recurrence (lidocaine) - QT >500 → Magnesium Sulfate

PANCE Prep (3 decks)

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