Cardio Buzzwords

Question 1

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward…

Answer 1

Pericarditis

Question 2

Irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 3

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 300 bpm

Answer 3

Atrial Flutter

Question 4

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

Answer 4

Pulmonary oedema

Question 5

What does pleuritic chest pain feel like? What causes it?

Answer 5

Sharp, stabbing pain that is felt in the center of the chest or slightly to the left of the chest
Inflammation of pleura

Question 6

Raised JVP/hepatojugular

Answer 6

Right-sided heart failure

Question 7

Sense of impending doom

Answer 7

MI

Question 8

Saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 8

Pericarditis

Question 9

Broad complex tachycardia

Answer 9

Ventricular problem

Question 10

Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex

Answer 10

Mitral Stenosis

Question 11

PMHx of rheumatic fever

Answer 11

Mitral stenosis

Question 12

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
What causes the slurred upstroke?

Answer 12

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Preexcitation of the ventricles through the accessory pathway

Question 13

Tall, tented T waves (and wide QRS complexes)

Answer 13

Hyperkalaemia

Question 14

Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI. Relieved by sitting forward. Diffuse saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 14

Dressler’s syndrome

Question 15

‘Blurred yellowing vision headache”

Answer 15

Digoxin Toxicity

Question 16

Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes

Answer 16

(Subacute bacterial) infective endocarditis

Question 17

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur

Answer 17

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 18

Rib Notching on CXR (deformation of the superior or inferior surface of the rib)

Answer 18

Coarctation of the aorta (congenital narrowing of the aorta)

Question 19

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

Answer 19

Aortic Stenosis

Question 20

Slow rising pulse

Answer 20

Aortic stenosis

Question 21

Alcohol/dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

Pan-systolic murmur (mitral regurgitation)

Question 22

Early diastolic murmur

Answer 22

Aortic regurgitation

Question 23

Diminished absent lower limb pulses

Answer 23

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 24

Radial-femoral delay

Answer 24

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 25

Radio-radial delay

Answer 25

Coarctation or aortic dissection

Question 26

MRS ASS

Answer 26

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic Aortic Stenosis Systolic

Question 27

Systolic murmur, radiates to the neck

Answer 27

Aortic stenosis

Question 28

Why colonoscopy for suspected endocarditis with bovis positive blood culture?

Answer 28

Colon cancer is most likely cause of infective endocarditis

Question 29

Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to back

Answer 29

Aortic dissection

Question 30

Soft S1

Answer 30

Mitral regurgitation

Question 31

Soft S2

Answer 31

Aortic stenosis

Question 32

Malar flush, atrial fibrillation

Answer 32

Mitral stenosis

Question 33

What are symptoms of ‘Jones criteria’? What does it indicate?

Answer 33

Migratory polyarthiritis, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum of skin Rheumatic heart disease

Question 34

X and Y descents in JVP. All signs of heart failure

Answer 34

Constrictive pericarditis which presents as congestive heart failure

Question 35

Mitral stenosis caused by CRAP

Answer 35

Congenital, rheumatic and prosthetic valve

Question 36

Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

Answer 36

Mitral stenosis

Question 37

Large ‘v’ wave/ raised JVP

Answer 37

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 38

Tetralogy of fallot? Common cause of what?

Answer 38

A congenital heart disease -Large ventricular septal defect (this allows the pressures in the two ventricles to become equal) -Overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow obstruction (causes pulmonary stenosis) -Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 39

Side effect of ACEI? When should you not use?

Answer 39

Dry cough Contraindicated in Renal artery stenosis

Question 40

Collapsing pulse?

Answer 40

Aortic regurgitation

Question 41

Machine like murmur

Answer 41

Patent ductus arteriosis – fails to close

Question 42

Splinter haemorrhages

Answer 42

Infective endocarditis

Question 43

Infective endocarditis organisms

Answer 43

Staph aureus – main cause (prosthetic valves or IV drug users Strep viridans (a haemolytic) – present in mouth after dental surgery

Question 44

What is atrial myxoma? Where does it usually grow?

Answer 44

A noncancerous tumour in the upper left or right side of the heart Most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart.

Question 45

What is a cardiac tamponade

Answer 45

A collection of blood/fluid/pus/clots/gas around the heart/pericardial space that prevents contractions. Medical emergency.

Question 46

Treatment of pericarditis

Answer 46

Pain relief, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

Question 47

What are reactive arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis symptoms of?

Answer 47

Aortic regurgitation

Question 48

What will left sided heart failure on examination?

Answer 48

MAT CAT Mitral regurgitation, apex displaced, tachycardic Crackles bilateral and basal, auscultation 3 rd heart sound, tachypnoea

Question 49

What will you hear in acute pericarditis?

Answer 49

Triphasic systolic and diastolic murmur

Question 50

Signs of cardiac tamponade

Answer 50

Displaced heart sounds/muffled heart sounds, displaced JVP, low blood pressure

Question 51

How do you treat Wenckebach’s phenomenon (heart block) with MI?

Answer 51

Temporary cardiac pacing alongside PCI

Question 52

Where are left side systemic circulation murmurs loudest?

Answer 52

Loudest on expiration

Question 53

Where are right side pulmonary circulation murmurs loudest?

Answer 53

Loudest on Inspiration

Question 54

Bicuspid valve

Answer 54

Aortic stenosis

Question 55

What causes S1 heart sound? When is it soft and loud?

Answer 55

-Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves -Soft if long PR or mitral regurgitation -Loud in mitral stenosis, anaemia, thin patients

Question 56

What causes S2 heart sound? When is it softer and louder? Is splitting normal?

Answer 56

-Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves -Soft in mild aortic stenosis, louder the more severe -Splitting during inspiration is normal

Question 57

What causes S3 heart sound? When is it normal? When is it pathological?

Answer 57

-Caused by diastolic filling of the ventricle -Considered normal if under 30 years old (may persist in women up to 50 years old) -Heard in left ventricular failure (e.g. dilated cardiomyopathy), constrictive pericarditis (called a pericardial knock) and mitral regurgitation

Question 58

What causes S4?

Answer 58

-Caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle -May be heard in aortic stenosis, HOCM, hypertension -In HOCM a double apical impulse may be felt as a result of a palpable S4

Question 59

What leads in ECG show ANTERIOR MI (left anterior descending artery)?

Answer 59

V1-V4

Question 60

What leads in ECG show INFERIOR MI (right coronary artery)?

Answer 60

II, III, aVF

Question 61

What leads in ECG show LATERAL MI (circumflex artery)?

Answer 61

I, avL, V5, V6

Question 62

6Ps of acute limb ischaemia

Answer 62

Pale, Pulseless, Painful, Paralysed, Paraesthetic, Perishingly cold

Question 63

Treatments for different types of shock

Answer 63

Shock – Types and Treatments ABCDE Oxygen Volume replacement Hypovalaemic Inotropes for Cardiogenic Chest drain for Obstructive Vasopressors for Septic Adrenaline for Anaphylaxis An Old Virgin Hides, Cause Other Virgins Slag Adult Abstinence