cardio CDB Flashcards by chini carmona

closure or ductus venosus

ligamentum venosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

closure of foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

closure of ductus arteriosus

ligamentum arteriosum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

closure or umbilical vein

ligamentum teres

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

adult strictures of truncus arteriosus

ascending aorta

pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

adult structure or bulbus cordis

infundibulum/ conus arteriosus(smooth part) of RV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

adult structure of primitive ventricle

trabecular walls of the LV and RV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

adult structure of primitive atrium

auricles

pectinate muscles of left and right atroa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

adult structure of sinus venosus

coronary sinus
sinus venarum
smooth wall of RA
-oblique vein of LA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ductus arteriosus
functional closure?
anatomica closure?
mediated by?

96 hours
1-3 mos
bradykinin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

foramen ovale
funcltional closure?
anatomical closure?

immediately

1-3 mos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heart

directed towards

downward, forward, left

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

layers of the heart (outer to inner)

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

upper margin of the fossa ovalis

annulus ovalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

it is a modified trabeculae carnae located in the RV that crosses the intraventricular septum

moderator band

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cardiac valve located bet the RIGHT atrium and ventricle that contains 3 cusps
- MC valve involved in endocarditis in IV drug user

TRICUSPID VAlve 
(try drugs, tricuspid!)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cardiac valve found bet LEFT ventricle and atrium

slightly smaller than tricuspid
MC in marfans, Lupus, endocarditis, RH
does not leave a septal sound

mitral valve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

triangle of kock boundaries

septal leaflet of tricuspid valve
opening of coronary sinus
tendon of todaro

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is the SA node located?

right atrium,
lateral to the sinus venarum
junction where the SVC enters the right atrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what phase of the action potential-

upstroke of action potential
increase Ca conductance

phase 0

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what phase of the action potential-

repolarization
caused by increase in K and inactivation of Ca channels
more gradual descent

phase 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what phase of the action potential-

slow diastolic depolarization
principal feature if the pacemaker fiber
due to inward Na current at the end of repolarization

phase 4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what phase of the action potential-

-‘ot present in SA node action potential since plateau is not sustained

phase 1 & 2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ability of the heart to initiate AP in response to an inward depolarizing current
- depends on the stimulus applied

excitability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

electrolytes that determine the excitability of the heart

na k ca mg

(refractory period) - begins with the upstroke of the AP - ends after the plateau - no AP can be initiated

absolute refractory period

(refractory period) - slightly longer than ARP - peroid in which conducted AP cannot be elicited

effective refractory period

(refractory period) - peroid when depolarization is almost complete - an AP can be elicited but requires a higher inward current

relative refractory period

cardiac muscle fiber action potential RMP

-90mv approaching K equilibrium potential

(HEART SOUNDS) - closure of AV valves at start of ventricular systole - lub

(HEART SOUNDS) - shorter “dup” - closure of aortic and pulmo ic valves just after ventricular systole

in inspiration, there is further decrease in intrathoracic pressure - more blood comes in from the vena cava and into the R side of the heart- delayed closure of pulmonic valve

physiologic splitting

(HEART SOUNDS) - coincides wih period of rapid ventricular filling - physiologic un children and yound adults - pathologic in those more than 40 - due to block in overloaded ventricle

(HEART SOUNDS) - coincides with C wave - always pthologic - heard before the 1st heart sound when atrial pressure is high and ventricle is stiff - due to concentric ventricular hypertrophy

dermatomal level of the cardiac pain- heart? referred to intercostal nerves and intercostobrachial nerves?

T1-T4 T2 T2- if radiates to finger tips CERVICAL - if radiates to middle aspect of L middle arm CARDIAC

inferior wall MI | referred to epigastrium?

T7,8,9

branches of the LCA

LAD | LCX

(infarct localization) LAD area involved?

- anterior wall of LV | - anterior part of IVS

(infarct localization) Lcx area involved?

lateral wal of LV

(infarct localization) RCA area involved?

posterior wall of LV posterour part of IVS right ventricle

smallest branches of the arteries | -site of highest resistance

arterioles

largest cross sectional and surface area | site for exchange of nutrients, water and gases

capillaries

lowest pressure contain the highest proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system -reservoir of blood

veins

directly proportional to the viscosity of blood

resistance

describes the distensibility of blood vessels

capacitance

streamlined flow

laminar flow

predicts weather blood flow will be laminar or turbulent

reynolds number

- flows crosswise in the vessel and along the vessels - forms whorls in blood - eddy currents

turbulence

- volume of blood that fills a ventricle during diastole | - 120ml

EDV

volume of blood that remains in the ventricles after systole | -50 ml

ESV

difference bet EDV and ESv

stroke volume

most important determinant of stroke volume

pulse pressure

conditions that present with different BP in extremities

coarctation of the aorta | dissecting thoracic aneurism

neurodegenerative disease presents with parkinsonism and autonomic dysfunction (eg orthostatic hypotension) and loss of balance

multiple systems atrophy (shy drager syndrome)

conditons that presents with pulsus paradoxus

- cardiac tamponade | - status asthmaticus

pericadiocentesis approach? location? directed toward?

infrasternal angle 5th or 6th ICS near sternum introduced to the left of the xiphoid process upward backward direction

myocarditis etiology? drugs that causes myocarditis? morphology?

coxsackie virus, t cruzi, b burgdorferri drugs: doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cocaine morphology: interstitial inflam infiltrate with focal myocyte necrosis

(congenital disease) | mc genetic risk of CHD

down syndrome

mc heart dae assic in congenital rubella syndrome

PDA

mc cyanotic CHD - booth shaped heart - cyanosis apparent after 2 mos hypoxic spell

tetrallogy of fallot

components of TOF

- pulmonic stenosis - RVH - overriding of the aorta - VSS

TOF tx? sx?

propanolol surgery- blaylock tausig

(congenital disease) assoc with offspring of diabetic mothers switching of aorta and pulmo arteries -pts die within days w/o sx xray?

transposition of great arteries engg on a string

(congenital disease) tricuspid valve is displaced, atrialized RV ASD -can be caused by LITHIUM

ebstein anomaly | box shaped heart

(congenital disease) - single great artery - early cyanosis with irreversible pulmo HPN - VSD present

truncus arteriosus

(congenital disease) - anomalous connections by pulmonary veins to systemic veins - blood in pulmonary veins goes to RA - needs ASD patent foramen ovale MC variant? xray?

TAP VC supracardiac figure of 8, snowman appearance

(congenital disease) mc adult chd- asymptomatic till 30 y/o -fixed widely aplit S2 mc type?

ASD secundum

(congenital disease) MC CHD -frequently assoc with other defects (TOF, Cri du chat, Fetal alcohol syndrome) morphology? mc type?

VSD swiss cheese septum membranous

(congenital disease) - assoc with congenital rubela - cont machinery like murmur tx?

PDA indomethacin

(congenital disease) - weak delayed or absent femoral pulses - BP maybe higher in the arms and legs cxray? assoc with?

coarctation of the aorta - rib notching, figure of 3 - turners syndrome

intact BV | -assoc with atherosclerotic, syphilitic and congenital aneurism

true aneurism

BV non intact -assic with post MI, rupture BV grafts blood is in bet 2 vessel lyers

false aneurism

rupture triad in aneurism

left flank pain hypotension pulsatile mass

defect at the junction of the communicating branches with main cerebral vessels -due to lack of INTERNAL elastic lamina and SM mc site?

berry aneurism anterior communicating

ca that causes thrombophlebitis

pancreatic ca

mc cause of SAH

trauma