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Drugs > Cardio drugs > Flashcards

Cardio drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Atenolol

A

B-blocker

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2
Q

Sotalol

A

B-blocker

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3
Q

Amlodipine

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

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4
Q

Diltiazem

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

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5
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

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6
Q

Benazepril

A

ACE inhibitor

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7
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE inhibitor

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8
Q

Telmisartan

A

Angiotensin-2-receptor blocker

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9
Q

Atropine

A

Anticholinergic (mAch-R blocker, parasympatholytic)

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10
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Anticholinergic (mAch-R blocker, parasympatholytic)

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11
Q

Vasopressin

A

= Anti-diuretic hormone

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12
Q

Epinephrine

A

Vasopressor (α1 β1 β2 agonist)

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13
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Vasopressor (α1 >> β1 β2 agonist)

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14
Q

Milrinone, amrinone

A

Inhodilators - Phosphodiesterase (PDE-III) inhibitors

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15
Q

Pimobendane

A

Inodilators -
Calcium sensitizer + PDE-inhibitor

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16
Q

Digoxin, digitoxin

A

Cardioglycosides

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17
Q

Name the two main vasopressors

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline),
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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18
Q

Treatment of choice for CHF

A
  • Furosemide (spironolactone if hypoK)
  • ACE inhibitor
  • Inhodilator (pimobendane)
  • Exercise restriction
  • Dietary Na+ restriction
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19
Q

B-blockers - general effects

A
  • ↓contractility (- ionotropic)
  • ↓ HR (antiarrhythmic for sinus, ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia or tachyarrythmias)
    = ↓ blood pressure
20
Q

B-blockers - side effects and main C/I

A
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
  • C/I if CHF (may exacerbate)
21
Q

Ca channel blockers - general effects

A
  • ↓contractility (- ionotropic)
  • ↑ lusitropy (myocardial relaxation)
  • ↓ HR (antiarrhythmic for a-fib and supraventricular tachycardia)
  • ↓ SVR (anti-hypertensive drug)
22
Q

Ca channel blockers - side effects

A
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema (mechanism unknown)
23
Q

Treatment for Ca channel blocker overdose

A

IV lipids

24
Q

Name 2 anticholinergic drugs

A
  • Atropine
  • Glycopyrrolate
25
Q

3 indications of atropine

A
  • Atropine response test (distinguish between increased vagal tone vs SA node Lx)
  • Correction of bradycardia (except if 2ary to a2)
  • Cholinergic crisis (crosses BBB)
26
Q

Main effects of anticholinergic

A

Opposite of SLUD

  • Lower Salivation
  • Lower lacrimation
  • Lower Urinartion
  • Lower Defection (constipation, ileus)
  • Myosis
  • Tachycardia
27
Q

4 indications for the atropine response test

A
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • Sinus arrest
  • Sinoatrial exit block
  • BAV

Positive if HR ↑ > 50%

28
Q

1 major species-Sp C/I of atropine

A
  • HORSES (topical or systemic) -> risk of ileus -> colic
29
Q

3 other C/I for atropine

A
  • Reflex bradycardia following a2-agonist administration. Only if NOT associated with hypertension.
  • Narrow-angle glaucoma
  • Urinary obstruction
30
Q

Main clinical difference between atropine vs glycopyrrolate

A

Glyco does not cross the BBB (so cannot be used to treat central signs of OP toxicity)

31
Q

ACE inhibitors - general effects

A

Blocks the RAAS (angiotensin 1 -x–> 2)

  • ↓SVR (vasodilator) - adjunct therapy for hypertension
  • ↑ cardiac output
  • Counteracts the mean effects of the RAAS during CHF.
32
Q

Epinephrine - general effects, main indication

A
  • ↑SVR (vasoconstriction, a1 → improves coronary perfusion)
  • ↑contractility (B2)
  • ↑HR (B1)

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATON
ANAPHYLAXIS

33
Q

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - General effects and main indication

A
  • ↑SVR (vasoconstriction, a1)
    when you don’t necessarily want to increase HR

SEPTIC SHOCK = NE + dobutamine

34
Q

Name 4 categories of + ionotropes

A
  • Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin)
  • PDE inhibitors (amrinone, milrinone)*
  • Catecholamines (dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol)
  • Inhodilators / calcium sensitizers (pimobendane)*

* are both inhodilators = +inotropic AND vasodilator effects

35
Q

Pimobendane - general actions and two indications

A
  • ↑contractility (+ ionotropic)
  • ↓ SVR (vasodilator)

INDICATIONS
- During CHF to enhance cardiac performance
- PREVENTION of CHF during either :
*B2-stage MDCVAV in dogs
*Occult (asympto) DCM in Dobes

36
Q

PDE inhibitors (amrinone, milrinone) - general action

A
  • ↑contractility (+ ionotropic)
  • ↓SVR (vasodilator)
37
Q

Cardiac glycosides - general effects

A
  • ↑contractility (+ ionotropic)
  • ↓HR (- chronotropic)
  • ↓SVR (given PO)
38
Q

Dopamine, dobutamine - general effects

A
  • ↑ contractility and CO

+ for short-term (24-48 hours) support of myocardial contractility.

  • Dopamine (DA, β1 >> β2, α1) has more variable dose-dependent effects (vasodilation -> ↑ contractility -> vasoconstriction)*
  • Dobutamine (β1 >> β2 >> α1 ) has more selective effects on B1 and thus ↑ contractility.*
39
Q

Main drug - cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

Epinephrine

+/- vasopressin (ADH)

40
Q

2 drugs for septic shock

A

Norepinephrine + dobutamine

41
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

42
Q

Hemorrhagic shock

A

vasopressors only given if hypotension persists despite fluid replacement and arrest of hemorrhages.

43
Q

Drugs for BAV1

A

Anticholinergic (atropine, gylcopyrrolate). cuz usually linked to increased vagal tone.

44
Q

Drugs for BAV2 in PA

A

Beta-agonists (terbutaline, isoproterenol)

45
Q

Drugs for A-fib in PA ? horses?

A

PA = diltiazem, digoxin, amiodarone, β-blockers (e.g., atenolol).

Eq = quinidine

46
Q

Drug - Ventricular arrythmias (V-tac, PVC)

A

Dogs : Lidocaine or Amiodarone if V-tac follows recovery from cardiac arrest

Cats : B-blocker > lidocaine (higher risk of toxicity)

47
Q

Situation where lidocaine should NEVER be used (type of ectopic rythm)

A

Escape ventricular rhythm : NON (is heart’s survival mode)

PVC / V-tac : OUI

Always careful in cats

Drugs (4 decks)

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