cardio drugs

Question 1

simvastatin

Answer 1

statin - use in hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI, TIA (renal failure is a side effect)

Question 2

evolocumab

Answer 2

PCSK9 inhibitor

Question 3

alirocumab

Answer 3

PCSK9 inhibitor

Question 4

atenolol

Answer 4

cardioselective bb

Question 5

bisoprolol

Answer 5

cardioselective bb

Question 6

metoprolol

Answer 6

cardioselective bb

Question 7

propanolol

Answer 7

non selective bb

Question 8

carvedilol

Answer 8

non selective bb

Question 9

vasodilators

Answer 9

calcium antagonists, alpha blockers, ACE, ARB, mineralocorticoid antagonist

Question 10

amlodipine

Answer 10

dihydropyridies calcium antagonist

Question 11

verapamil

Answer 11

rate limiting calcium antagonist

Question 12

diltiazem

Answer 12

rate limiting calcium antagonist

Question 13

doxazosin

Answer 13

alpha blocker

Question 14

losartan

Answer 14

ARB

Question 15

anti-anginal drugs

Answer 15

Vasodilators (nitrates, nicorandil, calcium antagonists), slow heart rate (bb, calcium antagonists, ivabardine) metabolic modulators (ranolazine)

Question 16

ivabradine

Answer 16

if channel modulator in the sinus node, slows HR only in sinus rhythm so DOESN’T work in atrial fibrillation

Question 17

ranolazine

Answer 17

late sodium channel modulator: decrease calcium load on heart, effective in refractory angina

Question 18

anti thrombotic drugs

Answer 18

anti platelet (aspirin, clopidogrel, prassurgrel, ticagrelor) anti coagulants (heparin, fondaparinux (IV), warfarin, rivaroxaban dabigatran, edoxaban (oral)), fibrinolytic (streptokinase, tPA)

Question 19

anti arrhythmic drugs

Answer 19

atrial fibrillation (DIGOXIN), ACE, ARB, beta blockers, mineralocorticoid antagonists, neprilysin inhibitors, diuretics

Question 20

spironolactone

Answer 20

mineralocorticoid antagonist

Question 21

eplerenone

Answer 21

mineralocorticoid antagonist

Question 22

salcubitril valsartan

Answer 22

neprilysin inhibitors

Question 23

PCSK9 inhibitor mechanism

Answer 23

inhibit binding of PCSK9 to LDLR receptor, allowing LDLR receptors to be available to LDL to clear it, thereby lowering LDL levels (used in familial hypercholesteremia)

Question 24

Diuretics mechanism

Answer 24

block Na reabsorption in kidneys

Question 25

thiazide diuretics used in

Answer 25

mild hypertension

Question 26

loop diuretics used in

Answer 26

heart failure

Question 27

cardio selective beta blockers mechanism and used in

Answer 27

block b1, used in angina, acute coronary syndrome, MI, hypertension, heart failure

Question 28

non selective beta blockers mechanism, used in

Answer 28

block 1+2, used in migraines

Question 29

side effects of beta blockers

Answer 29

asthma, fatigue, heart failure, cold peripheries, bradycardia

Question 30

dihydropyrides used in and side effects

Answer 30

hypertension, angina, ANKLE OEDMA

Question 31

rate limiting calcium antagonist used in and side effects

Answer 31

used in hypertension, angina, and supra ventricular arrhythmias, AVOID USE WITH BETA BLOCKERS

Question 32

alpha blockers mechanism, used in, and side effects

Answer 32

block a-adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation, used in hypertension and prostatic hypertrophy, side effects postural hypotension

Question 33

ACE inhibitor mechanism, used in, side effects

Answer 33

block angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II, used in hypertension and heart failure side effects COUGH, renal dysfuncition, oedema, INHIBIT bradykinin

Question 34

ARB used in an side effects

Answer 34

used in hypertension and heart failure, side effects renal dysfunction NO COUGH

Question 35

mineralocorticoids mechanism, used in, side effects

Answer 35

block aldosterone receptors, used in heart failure and resistant hypertension, side effects hyperkaelemia and renal impairement

Question 36

nitrates used in side effects tolerance

Answer 36

used in angina, acute heart failure, side effects headache hypotension tolerance common, leave 8 hr/d nitrate free

Question 37

isosorbide monoritrate

Answer 37

ventilator nitrate

Question 38

nicorandil mechanism and side effects

Answer 38

K ATP channel opener, headache mouth/GI ulcers

Question 39

what do anti platelet drugs do, used in, and side effects

Answer 39

all prevent new thrombosis, used in angina, acute MI, CVA/TIA side effects: haemorrhage, peptic ulcer, aspirin sensitivity (asthma)

Question 40

anticoagulants used in, side effects, control, reversed

Answer 40

prevent new thrombosis, used in DVT, PE, NSTEMI, AF side effects: haemorrhage control by: international's normalized ratio, reversed by vitamin K

Question 41

what does rivroxaban do

Answer 41

factor Xa inhibitor

Question 42

what does dabigatran do

Answer 42

thrombin factor IIa inhibitor, Xa converts prothrombin II to thrombin IIa

Question 43

what do fibrinolytic do, used in, side effects, avoided in

Answer 43

dissolve formed clot, used in STEMI sometimes: PE and CVA, side effects: haemorrhage, avoid in: recent haemorrhage, trauma, bleed tendencies, severe diabetic retinopathy, peptic ulcer

Question 44

atrial fibrillation mechanism

Answer 44

rate control with BB, digoxin or rate limiting calcium channel blockers or chemically cardiovert with amiodarone

Question 45

what does digoxin do?

Answer 45

1. blocks AV conduction (good in AF but bad if excessive because heart rate falls too much) 2. increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias (always bad, narrow therapeutic index)

Question 46

what does digoxin toxicity do?

Answer 46

nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias

Question 47

Neprilysin inhibitors side effects

Answer 47

hypotension, renal impairment, hyperkaelemia, oedema