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Internal Medicine > Cardio Drugs and Treatments > Flashcards

Cardio Drugs and Treatments Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Stage 1 hypertension. Tx

A

>130 over <80; Lifestyle changes + 1 med

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2
Q

Stage 2 hypertension. Tx

A

>140 over >90; 2 medications and lifestyle

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3
Q

Hypertensive urgency? Tx

A

>180 over >110; IV temporizing and PO meds

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4
Q

Hypertensive urgency? Tx

A

220/120 with end organ damage; Iv gtt decrease MAP by 25% in 4-6 hours then to normal in 24 hours

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5
Q

What are the medications for someone with CAD?

A

BB + Ace + ISMN and CCB

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6
Q

What are the medications for someone with CHF?

A

BB + ACE + ISDN + Hydralazine, spironolactone

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7
Q

What is the medications indicated for CVA?

A

Thiazide + CCB

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8
Q

What are the medications indicated for DM

A

ACE inhibitor for renal protective properties

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9
Q

What are the medications indicated for CKD?

A

ACE for renal protective properties unless CKD IV Thiazides dont work after Cr>1.5

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10
Q

What should you watch out for when using thiazides?

A

Hypokalemia

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11
Q

What should you watch out for when using loops?

A

Hypokalemia

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12
Q

Arterial dilator

A

Hydralazine

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13
Q

What are the Treatment modalities for CHF?

A

LMNOP Lasix (furosemide), Morphine, Nitrates, Oxygen, Position

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14
Q

What are the treatment modalities for acute MI

A

MONA BASH Morphine Oxygen Nitrates Aspirin Beta blockers Ace i Statin Heparin

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15
Q

High intensity statins

A

Atorva 40,80; Rosuva 20, 40

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16
Q

Moderate intensity statins

A

Atorva 10,20; Rosuva 5, 10

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17
Q

Risk factors for CAD

A

Diabetes, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, age over 55 in women and 45 for men

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18
Q

What do you do if there is statin toxicity

A

Stop the statin until it goes away and restart at a lower dose

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19
Q

What is required before starting a statin drug? What should be monitored?

A
  • Baseline lipids, A1c, CK, and LFTs
  • Monitor lipids q1y and if DM A1c every 3 months
  • Dont monitor CK and LFTs
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20
Q

What are the second line meds to statins?

A

Fibrates good at getting LDLD down and HDL up but cause the same side effects

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21
Q

What should you prophylax the patient with when giving niacine

A

Aspirin to prevent flushing

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22
Q

What is the utility of bile acid resins and ezetimibe?

A

Block reabsorption of fatty related stuff meaning stool is fattier and more prone to diarrhea but it can lower LDL

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23
Q

Who gets a statin?

A
  • People with vascular disease = MI, CVA, PVD, CS
  • LDL over 190
  • LDL between 70-189 with age 40-75 and diabetes
  • LDL between 70-189 with age 40-75 and 10% risk factor
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24
Q

Treatment of pericarditis

Study These Flashcards
A

NSAIDs and colchicine

25
What is the treatment for constrictive pericarditis? Tamponade? Recurrent effusion
* Constrictive: Pericardectomy * Tamponade: Pericardiocentesis * Recurrent effusion: Pericardial window
26
Symptoms and EKG findings of pericarditis
Pleuritic chest pain better with leaning FORWARD. * EKG finding: diffuse ST elevation and PR depression
27
Infectious causes of pericarditis
Coxsackie Strep/Staph TB FUngus
28
Which rhythms do you give atropine
Sinus brady, primary block, secondary block type 2
29
What rhythms do you not give atropine to and just pace?
Secondary type 2, tertiary, and idiopathic
30
What do you do to treat cardiac arrest with drugs in VT/VF and in PEA?
2 minutes of CPR, pulse and rhythm check * VT/VF alternate between epi and amiodarone. 2 minutes CPR then shock * PEA: Give epi every other 2 minute cycle
31
What is idioventricular rhythm?
No atrial conduction at all, just pace
32
What is the treatment method for afib?
CHADS2 score. * C: CHF * H: HTN * A: Age over 75 * D: DM * S: Stroke Score * 0: Give aspirin * 1: Give aspirin or oral anticoagulation (Apixaban and dabigatran * 2: Anticoagulation (warfarin)
33
What is the treatment for stable afib?
* Rate control (verapamil or diltiazem) * If under 48 hours then cardiovert * If Older than 48 hours, TTE then TEE to check for clots * If no clots, cardiovert, amio or shock * If clots, Warfarin x 3 weeks
34
SVT responds to what?
Adenosine
35
V Tach responds to what?
Amiodarone or lidocane
36
What is the treatment for mitral valve prolapse?
Expanding the intravascular voliume and allowing the heart to fill which will streth the annulus and make the leaflets fit better. In other words, increase preload
37
What is the treatment for HOCM?
Increase preload (DO the thing that makes the murmur less loud)
38
Consequences of mitral stenosis?
CHF, SOB, Afib
39
What is the cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever
40
Opening snap means:
Mitral stenosis
41
What is the major treatment methods for mitral stenosis
* Baloon valvotomy or valve replacement is definitive * If there is Afib then you need to anticoagulate and cardiovert after the lesion is identified
42
Reasons for mitral regurg
Papilary muscle rupture, infective endocarditis, or direct trauma
43
Treatment for preload reduction in CHF?
* Diuretics such as furosemide * Nitrates such as isosorbide dinitrate * Dietary modifications
44
Afterload reduction in CHF patients
* ACE-i or ARB * Hydralazine * Spironolactone
45
Everybody with CHF gets these treatments?
* Salt restriction (under 2 g per day) * Water restriction (under 2 L per day) * ACE or ARBs * Beta blockers
46
Does digoxin help CHF?
ONLY SYMPTOMS NOT MORTALITY
47
What are the last resort drugs to use in CHF?
* Inotropes (dobutamine) while preparing for transplant or ventricular assist device
48
What do you do if you notice any CHF symptoms
ECHO will show either * Diastolic dysfunction (no relaxation) * Decreased EF (systolic dysfunction)
49
What are the details of stable angina?
* Pain: Exercise * Relief: rest + motrates * Biomarkers: none * ST changes: None * Pathology: 70% blockage
50
What are the details of unstable angina
* Pain: Rest Relief: None Biomarkers: none ST changes: None Pathology: 90% blockage
51
What are the details of NSTEMI?
* Pain: Rest * Relief: None * Biomarkers: Elevated * ST changes: None * Pathology: 90% blockage
52
What are the details of STEMI
* Pain: Rest * Relief: None * Biomarkers: Elevated * ST changes: Elevated * Pathology: 100% blockage
53
What is the order of things you test for with chest pain?
1. EKG (if positive go to cath emergently) 2. Next Biomarkers (if positive go urgently to cath) 3. If cardiac chest pain do a stress test (if positive treat with meds then cath)
54
Acute MI treatment
* Morpine * Oxygen * Nitrates * Asprin * Beta blocker * ACE * Statin * Heparin + Clopidogrel (dual antiplatelet)
55
When do you go for angioplasty?
St elevation or + stress showing 1 or 2 vessel disease
56
What do you do if you have no percutaneous intervention for MI available? What if you cant use that?
tPA or Heparin if contraindication for tPA
57
What is the LDL, A1C, and blood pressure goal for ACS patients?
* LDL under 70 * A1C under 7 * Blood pressure under 140.90
58
Clopidogrel treatment for different types of stents?
* Drug eluding stent: 12 months * Bare metal stent: one month * Angioplasty alone: None
59

Internal Medicine (7 decks)

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