Cardio Emergencies

Question 1

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 1

Pressure on vessels from blood, causes Adema

Question 2

Oncotic Pressure

Answer 2

Particles cause pressure

Question 3

Microcirculation

Answer 3

Metarterioles sphincters

Question 4

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 4

Hardening or stiffening of vessels

Question 5

Atherosclerosis

Answer 5

Build up of plaque in vessels

Question 6

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

Red blood cells, carry O2 and C02 with hemoglobin

Question 7

Leukocyte

Answer 7

White Blood Cell, Immunity

Question 8

Thrombocytes

Answer 8

Platelets, clotting

Question 9

Septa

Answer 9

Walls of the heart

Question 10

Endocardium

Answer 10

Layer of tissue that lines chambers of heart, smooth layer reduces turbulence of blood

Question 11

Endothelium

Answer 11

Lining of vessels, smooth to reduce turbulence of blood

Question 12

Bundle of His

Answer 12

Extension of AV node, branches off to both ventricles, right bundle branch, left bundle branch

Question 13

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 13

bring electricity to muscle tissue 20-40 BPM

Question 14

Sinoatrial Node

Answer 14

SA node located in right atrium fires at 60-100 BPM

Question 15

Internodal Pathways

Answer 15

Connect SA node to AV node

Question 16

Atrioventricular Node

Answer 16

AV node 40-60 BPM

Question 17

P Wave

Answer 17

Atrial Contraction

Atrial Depolarization

Question 18

QRS Complex

Answer 18

Ventricular Contraction

Ventricular Depolarization

Question 19

T Wave

Answer 19

Ventricular Depolarization

Question 20

Systole Part of EKG Wave

Answer 20

QRS

Question 21

Diastole part of EKG Wave

Answer 21

Everywhere Else

Question 22

Coronary Arteries

Answer 22

Bring Blood to heart muscles, base of Aorta

Fill during diastole, blood blows by during systole

Question 23

Circumflex Artery

Answer 23

Feeds both ventricles

Question 24

Collateral Circulation

Answer 24

Causes small new vessels but won’t hold up long term

Question 25

Thrombolysis

Answer 25

Clot busting drug injected within 4 hrs of chest pain

Question 26

Ischemia

Answer 26

Inadequate blood supply to part of body usually heart

Question 27

Myocardium

Answer 27

Working part of the heart Automaticity Varies in thickness

Question 28

Pericardium

Answer 28

Membrane enclosing the heart Outer fibrous layer keeps heart in place Epicardium, layer with serous membrane act as cushion

Question 29

Stroke Volume

Answer 29

Amount of blood per heart "squeeze"

Question 30

Cardiac Output

Answer 30

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate= cardiac output

Question 31

Infarction

Answer 31

Tissue death

Question 32

Angina

Answer 32

Oxygen demand higher than O2 supply < 15 min chest pain Brought on by exertion and stress Relief- Rest, Nitro, O2

Question 33

Diaphoresis

Answer 33

Excessive sweating to an unusual degree

Question 34

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 34

Obstruction of blood flow through coronary arteries | Most commonly occurs in Left Ventricle

Question 35

Acute myocardial infarction | Left ventricular signs and symptoms

Answer 35

Anxiety Pale, cool, clammy vitals- Tachycardia, tachypnea, orthopnea and Hypotension Rales, pink frothy sputum, JVD and congestive heart failure

Question 36

Acute myocardial infarction in right ventricular signs and symptoms

Answer 36

``` Node damage Anxiety Pale cool clammy Vitals- Bradycardia, tachypnea, clear sounds Normotensive Syncope ```

Question 37

Syncope

Answer 37

Pass out

Question 38

Orthopnea

Answer 38

Worse breathing when lying down

Question 39

Angina/AMI treatment

Answer 39

``` Reassure patient Reduce Physical exertion Position of comfort, probably upright, Oxygen if poor 02 sat<94 Baby aspirin 325mg Nitro if available ALS ```

Question 40

Chronic Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 40

AMI, heart valve damage, hypertension aging Tachycardia Hypertrophy Heart not giving good output

Question 41

Hypertrophy

Answer 41

Enlarged heart, caused by working to hard to keep body going

Question 42

Congestive Heart Failure | Signs and symptoms

Answer 42

Left side- anxiety, pale, cool clammy, orthopnea, Rales, pink frothy sputum, JVD, peripheral edema, hypertensive Right side- anxiety, JVD, peripheral edema, puffy belly Both- SOB, tachypnea High number Hypertensive 250/98

Question 43

Ejection Fraction

Answer 43

% of blood Volume in your heart that it pushes out

Question 44

Congestive Heart Failure treatment

Answer 44

Reassure patient High flow O2, be ready to ventilate patient Assessment: breath sounds with vitals If chest pain- baby aspirin 325mg consider nitro ALS

Question 45

Vasovagal episode

Answer 45

Drop in BP, usually due to stress trigger, self resolving

Question 46

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Answer 46

Aortic aneurysm Widening or ballooning of aortic artery Tear in inner layer If rupture expect death Signs- chest pain, sudden "tearing" pain, radiating into back Vitals- unequal radial pulses, right stronger Disparate BP Hypovolemia

Question 47

Hypovolemia

Answer 47

Liquid portion of blood is low