Cardio/ENT Test Flashcards
(15 cards)
3 main categories of deaths due to CV disease?
CHD, Stroke (CVA), heart failure
4 functions of fibrous skeleton?
- Prevent direct spread of electrical impulses from atria to ventricles 2. Anchors valve cusps. 3. Prevents over-dilation of valve openings 4. Provides insertion point for the cardiac muscle bundles
What condition(s) cause a widened split S2?
Pulm. Stenosis or RBBB (conditions that cause non-fixed delay in PV closure)
What condition(s) cause a fixed split S2?
ASD
What condition(s) caused a paradoxical split S2?
Severe AS or LBBB
What condition(s) cause an early extra systolic heart sound/ejection click?
bicuspid valve stenosis or pulmonic stenosis
What condition(s) cause a mid-late extra systolic heart sound/ejection click?
MV prolapse or TV prolapse
What condition(s) cause an opening snap (OS)?
MS & TS
What condition(s) cause a systolic ejection murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
AS (2RICS) & PS (2LICS)
What condition(s) cause a holosystolic murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
MR (apex, radiates to L. axilla), TR (LLSB, radiates to R. sternum), VSD (4th-6th LICS)
What condition(s) cause a late systolic murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
MVP (which causes a secondary MR); best heard at apex
What condition(s) cause a early diastolic murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
AR (pt sitting, leaning forward, exhaling; may get more intense w/ exhalation) & PR (2nd-3rd LICS; may increase w/ inspiration)
What condition(s) cause a mid-late diastolic murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
MS (w/ bell @ apex w/ pt in L. lat. decubitus position) & TS (w/ bell at lower sternum near xiphoid process); Also exercise, fever, ASD, hyperthyroidism, etc.
What condition(s) cause a continuous murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
PDA (L. sub-clavicular space)
What condition(s) cause a “to & fro) murmur & where can these best be auscultated?
Combined AR/AS or PR/PS
