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Physio > Cardio II > Flashcards

Cardio II Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Corresponds to atrial depolarization in the ECG

A

P Wave

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2
Q

Corresponds to ventricular depolarization in the ECG

A

QRS complex

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3
Q

Corresponds to ventricular repolarization in the ECG

A

T wave

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4
Q

Conduction of Cardiac AP through AV node

A

PR Interval

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5
Q

Correlates with Phase 2/Plateau of Cardiac AP

A

ST segment

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6
Q

Isoelectric points

A

PR Segment
ST Segment

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7
Q

Stimulates AV node which increases conduction velocity and decreases PR interval

A

Sympathetic NS
B2 receptors
- Shorter Phase 4 = Faster AP

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8
Q

Type of Heart block where all atrial impulses reach the ventricles but PR INTERVAL IS LONG

A

1st Degree AV Block

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9
Q

Type of Heart block where not all impulses are conducted to ventricles:
Ventricular rate < atrial rate
Or P Wave not always followed by QRS

A

2nd Degree AV Block

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10
Q

Complete AV Block with P and QRS waves independent from each other causing atrioventricular dissociation

A

3rd Degree AV Block

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11
Q

Sporadically occurring block with constant PR Intervals before a block occurs

A

Mobitz Type II
(-) Wenckebach phenomenon

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12
Q

ECG shows gradual increase of PR interval before a block occurs

A

Mobitz Type I
(+) Wenckebach phenomenon

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13
Q

Systemic diseases that can cause 3rd Degree AV Blocks

A

Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
SLE

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14
Q

3rd Degree AV block causes:

A

Fainting/syncope
Worsening exercise intolerance
**Due to cerebral ischemia

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15
Q

ECG findings in Hypokalemia

A
  1. Increased amplitude and width of P wave
  2. QT prolongation
  3. ST depression
  4. Flat/inverted T wave
  5. Prominent u wave
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16
Q

ECG findings in Hyperkalemia

A
  1. Low P wave
  2. Tall T wave
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17
Q

ECG Findings in Hypocalcemia

A
  1. Prolonged QT interval
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18
Q

Hypocalcemia is associated with

A

Long QT syndrome which can cause sudden fainting and sudden death

Torsades de Pointes which can cause ventricular arrhythmias/ventricular fibrillation

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19
Q

Which drug class causes Torsades de Pointes?

20
Q

ECG finding in Hypercalcemia

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A

Shortened QT interval

21
Q

ECG finding in Q-wave infarct or Transmural Infarct

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A

ST Segment Elevation

22
Q

ECG finding in non Q-wave infarct or Subendocardial Infarct

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A

ST Segment Depression

23
Q

Cardiac Stable RMP

24
Q

Phases of Cardiac AP

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A

Phase 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

25
Phases of Cardiac SA Node AP
Phase 4, 0, 3 Phase 4 = Unstable RMP Phase 0 = Depolarization - Ca influx Phase 3 = Repolarization - K efflux
26
Sequence of Cardiac pacemakers
SA Node > AV Node > Bundle of His > Purkinje Fibers
27
Master Pacemaker that exerts overdrive suppression on other pacemakers
SA Node
28
Latent Pacemakers
AV Node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers
29
When latent pacemakers assume pacemaking activity
Ectopic Pacemaker
30
Intrinsic rate of Phase 4
SA Node: 70-80 beats/min AV Node: 40-60 beats/min Bundle of His: 40 beats/min Purkinje Fibers: 15-20 beats/min
31
Pacemaker with slowest conduction velocity
AV Node at 0.01-0.05 m/sec
32
Pacemaker with duration of cycles
SA Node
33
Pacemaker with fastest conduction velocity
Purkine Fibers at 2-4 m/sec
34
Responsible for slow Na influx during Phase 4 of SA Node AP
If or slow, funny Na channels
35
What triggers If channels?
K efflux of Phase 3 which causes automaticity and pacemaking activity **phase 3 always causes phase 4
36
What causes AV Nodal conduction delay?
Fibrous tissue with less gap junctions causes delay in transmission of conduction which allows adequate time for ventricular filling
37
Changes in CONTRACTILITY
Inotropic effect
38
Changes in RELAXATION
Lusitropic effect
39
Changes in HEART RATE
CHronotripic effecy
40
Changes in CONDUCTION VELOCITY
Dromotropic effect
41
Intropes affect
Ventricular contraction and stroke volume
42
Chromotropes affect
SA Node (HR)
43
Dromotropes affect
AV Node (Conduction Velocity)
44
Dromotropes are affected vg
Inward calcium current
45
B1 stimulation of the heart will cause
Stronger, briefer and more frequent contractions + inotrope + lusitrope + chronotrope
46
Myocardial contractility is best correlated with intracellular concentration of
Calcium

Physio (5 decks)

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