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My pathology III > Cardio III - Q2,3 > Flashcards

Cardio III - Q2,3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is signifigant about an infected vegitation on a heart valve

A

Blood passing over valve can spread the infection throughout body via blood

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2
Q

infectious endocarditis chiefly effects what?

A

valves and the ring around valves

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3
Q

What is at increased risk from infectious endocarditis?

A

Damaged valves, fake valves, chordae tindinae lining of heart

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4
Q

what is merantic endocarditis?

A

sterile non infectious endocarditis

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5
Q

Where is merantic endocarditis often seen, presnetation

A

often seen in cancer, there are vegetations without infection due to a hypercoaguable state, can also show up in cancer.

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6
Q

how would merantic endocarditis present

A

new onset of murmur or old murmur getting louder.

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7
Q

how is infectious endocarditis tested for

A

blood culture, 3 tests within 24 hours.

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8
Q

what would the CBC look like if there are bacteria?

A

increased neutrophils.

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9
Q

why can old people not make fever as wel

A

they can make as many pyrogens.

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10
Q

communiyt accured endocarditis is what bacteria

A

staph aureus 50-50%

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11
Q

what is the bacteria associated with strep throat and thus Rheumatic fever?

A

strep pyogenes group a beta hemolytic\

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12
Q

what bacteria is moslty assiciated with endocarditis

A

s. aureus

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13
Q

what is probably the most common type of myocarditis

A

viral type, coxsackie virus

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14
Q

on a slide what does viral myocarditis look like

A

Lymphocytic infiltrates

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15
Q

What normaly causes pneumonic valve disease

A

congenital

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16
Q

Symptoms of heart valve disease

A

SOB, palpitations, weakness, edema and chest discomfort

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17
Q

is the symptom picture consistent with severity?

A

not really, could ave no symptoms and need immediate help, or have lots of symptoms and it be no big deal

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18
Q

what is normaly used to diagnos a valvular disease

A

echocardiography

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19
Q

when do you hear mitrial stenosis

A

S2

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20
Q

When do you hear aortic stenosis

A

S1

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21
Q

When do you hear mitrial regurg

A

S1

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22
Q

When do you hear aortic regurg

A

S2

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23
Q

what is a gegenerative calcified deposit that develops in the fibrous ring of mitral valve?

A

mitrial annular calcification

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24
Q

myxomatous degeneration what?

A

the pathological weakening of connective tissue that is the most common cause mitral valve prolapse.

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25
Q

how far back must mitral valve billow to be MVP

A

more than 2mm int left atrium above anular plane in a long axis view.

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26
Q

What are the 5 diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever

A

Carditis, poly arthritis, subcutaneous nodules and erythema marginatum.

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27
Q

what are the 5 minor diagnostic criteria for RF

A

prolonged PR in EKG, elevated WBC, ESR, CRP

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28
Q

Rheumatic fever follows what infections

A

Pharyngitis with a Group A beta-hemolytic strep, (strep pyogenes)

29
Q

what is the most importain cardiac related consequence of RHD

A

mitral stenosis

30
Q

on PE, how is carditis detected

A

new murmur and tachycardia out of proportion with fever

31
Q

dehisence

A

separation of prosthetic valve suture line from hear leadin to leak

32
Q

Polyarthritis the the most common non cardiac manifestion of whhat heart issue

A

Rheumatic fever

33
Q

what is polyarthritis

A

temporary migration inflammation of large joint, sarting in legs and migrating up.

34
Q

erythema marginatum

A

characteristic rash in 5-13% of those with acute rheumatic fever. Non purent macules, never on face

35
Q

how is pericarditis characterized? 5

A

Serous, fibrinous, hemorrhagic, purulent and casuous

36
Q

what is pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium.

37
Q

what can cause pericarditis?

A

idiopathic, infection, inflmmation post MI, autoimmune, trauma

38
Q

Pain of pericarditis is made worse how?

A

deep breathing, torso movement and can be replicated by pressing sternum

39
Q

what is the sound of pericarditis?

A

pericardial friction rub, velcro

40
Q

what is dresslers syndrome?

A

autoimmune response to pericarditis weeks after MI **

41
Q

what do we suspect is the cause for idiopathic pericarditis

A

virual, but down’t know why because biopsy is too invasive and would be required.

42
Q

what would the pericardial fluid look like if their was in infection

A

Exudative, more proteins, cloudy, more fibrin, neutraphils and proteins

43
Q

what happens to heart when BUN goes up

A

fluid will collect around heart, so renal failure can cause uremia that can cause pericartitis.

44
Q

what is the two main causes of autoimmue pericarditis

A

RA or Lupis are number 1

45
Q

What is hemorragic pericardits

A

when there is blood between the layers, often caused by trauma or cancer, TB.

46
Q

what is probably the most common non trauma caused hemorragic pericarditis

A

Turburculosis,

47
Q

what often seeds pericardium

A

tumors that metastizise the heart from other areas.

48
Q

what does caseous pericardium probably mean

A

tB, caseous granuloma fibrous walling off.

49
Q

what can cause serous pericarditis

A

not ususally infectious , uremia, RA or SLE, this is when there is extra serous fluicd is collecting

50
Q

when does fibrounous pericarditis happen

A

Post MI, trauma, surgury etc

51
Q

what does fibrounous pericarditis look like

A

bread and butter presentation.

52
Q

what happens to pulse when blood pressure drops?

A

pulse will go up.

53
Q

what is often the resolution of purulent pericarditis that has exudative pus and fibrin filled pericardial fluid

A

scarring and constrictive pericarditis potential.

54
Q

what would cause purulent pericarditis?

A

from adjacent infection (TB) septic embolism, septisemai, and after heart procedures

55
Q

what is the most likely cause of calcification of pericardial sack on a CXR

A

tB, caseous granuloma fibrous walling off.

56
Q

how do tumors move around

A

metastasize through blood and lymph

57
Q

what is the most common malignancy found in heart

A

metastatic tumors (malignancy only makes up 30% of heart tumors)

58
Q

what is the most common heart tumor

A

atrial myxoma which is benign,

59
Q

what % of primary heart tumors are benign

A

70% are benign, 30% are malignant, (most malignancies in heart have metastasized from somewhere else.

60
Q

what is an atrial myoxoma

A

benign masses attached to the atrial wall mostly

61
Q

studies for atrial myoxoma

A

echo then MRI c

62
Q

atrial myoxoma may cause what

A

ball valve effect

63
Q

can atrial myoxoma tmetastasize

A

yes although its rare, it can embolize

64
Q

cellular fetures of atrial myxoma

A

hypocellular mass, elongated cell shape, multinucleated,eosinophilic cytoplasm. Or without normal cardic muscle cells,\

65
Q

what is the most common tumor in the pediatric population

A

Cardiac rhabdomyoma

66
Q

what is cardiac rhabdomyoma related to

A

arrhythmias and chamber obstructions althugh it benign.

67
Q

histology of cardiac dhabdomyoma

A

cells are clear, round and enlarged.

68
Q

what most commonly metastasizes to the heart

A

melanoma, there is lots of melanin

69
Q

what follows melanoma for most common to metastasize to heart

A

lung and breast.

My pathology III (3 decks)

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