Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > Cardio Intro > Flashcards

Cardio Intro Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Heart weight is approximately

A

0.5% of total body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Heart receives what % of total cardiac output?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

•Heart beats approximately how many times a day?

A

100,000/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

•Heart pumps approximately how many of liters of blood a day?

A

7,200 L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

•By age 70 the heart pumps how many gallons and beats how many times?

A

45-50 million gallons

beats 2.5-3 billion times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What % of ppl die from coronary heart disease?

A

48.2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of ppl die from stroke?

A

16.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What % of ppl die from heart failure?

A

4.3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of ppl die from High BP?

A

8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What % of ppl die from disease of arteries?

A

3.4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What % of ppl die from other heart diseases?

A

16.7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Right Heart -

A

It is a volume pump, that delivers high volumes of blood at low pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pulmonary Vessels -

A

Function in blood: Gas exchange and serve as volume reservoirs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Left Heart -

A

Pressure Pump; the energy source of the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elastic Arteries (aorta, etc.) -

A

Their elastic behavior allows them to serve as a “surge pump”. Energy is stored in the elastic fibers during the contraction phase (systole) and is released during the relaxation phase (diastole).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscular Arteries -

A

Function as low resistance conduits that rapidly pump blood to the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arterioles -

A

Collectively termed “resistance vessels”; serve as variable resistors that regulate the flow of blood into capillary beds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Capillaries -

A

Once cell layer separates blood from tissue space; site of nutrient and waste exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Venous Vessels -

A

Serve as a volume reservoir; these vessels function in both the storage and mobilization of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Cardiovascular System is made up of what 2 Circulations?

A

Pulmonary Circulation - blood flow thru the lungs

Systemic Circulation - blood flow thru all the organs of the body EXCEPT the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List the Valves of the Heart.

A

Tricuspid Valve
Mitral Valve
Pulmonic Valve
Aortic Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes the variation in heart wall thickness?

A

Chamber pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure Technique.

A

A deflated balloon at the tip of the catheter is inserted into the pulmonary artery. Upon balloon inflation, it blocks the artery and the blood pressure is recorded as blood from the LEFT Atrium presses against the inflated balloon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prostacyclin (PGI2) -

A

Is produced by Endothelial cells to RELAX smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Endothelial Derived Relaxating Factor (EDFR) -
Is produced by Endothelials cells to DILATE/RELAX smooth muscle cells.
26
Endothelin -
It is a potent vasoconstrictor produced by Endothelial cells
27
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme -
Converts Angiotensin I -----> Angiotensin II, to CONTRACT smooth muscle cells
28
Sinoatrial (SA) node -
Is a pacemaker cells that beats at 60-100 times/min
29
Atrial Internodal Pathways -
It is the pathway in which the electrical pulses of the SA node and AV node travel in the heart
30
Atrioventricular (AV) Node -
It is a pacemaker cell with a firing rate of 40-55 beats/min
31
Common Bundle of His -
It takes the Electrical impulses of the AV node and conducts it down to the Right and Left bundle branches, towards the apex of the heart
32
Purkinje Fibers -
Provide electrical conduction to the ventricles, causing the cardiac muscle of the ventricles to contract at a paced interval .
33
Where do the Cardiac Sympathetic Fibers anatomically start?
They start from the "intermediolateral" Cell column of the spinal cord (T1-T5) vertebrae section.
34
Sympathetic: Preganglionic Fibers -
1. They can ascend to the stellate, superior or middle cervical ganglion to synapse OR. 2. Synapse at their origin at Paravetebral ganglia
35
Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers -
Are distributed to the cardiac chambers as an Epicardial Plexus
36
What is the function of Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers that are distributed to the RIGHT?
The Fibers effect the Heart Rate (SA node)
37
What is the function of Postganglionic Sympathetic Fibers that are distributed to the LEFT?
The Fibers effect Contractility of the heart
38
What controls/ mediates the Sympathetic Fibers of the heart?
Beta Adrenergic Receptors
39
Parasympathetic: Preganglionic Fibers -
Are contained in the Vagus Nerve and synapse with the postganglionic fibers in the heart.
40
What is the function of the Parasympathetic Nervous system?
It reduces force of contraction and heart rate.
41
Right Vagus -
Innervates (supply w/ nerves) the sinoatrial SA node
42
Left Vagus -
Innervates (supply w/ nerves) the Atrioventricular (AV) node
43
What is the primary site for vascular resistance?
Arterioles
44
In what location of the heart is blood flow velocity the fastest? Slowest?
Fastest: Root of the Aorta Slowest: Capillaries
45
What is the cardiac output of blood during moderate exercise?
15 L/min
46
What method is used as an indirect measure for the left atrial pressure?
The Pulmonary Capillary Wedge method
47
What is the pressure of the right atrium?
3 mmHg
48
What is the pressure of the Right ventricle? (Systolic and Diastolic)
Systolic: 25 mmHg Diastolic: 4 mmHg
49
What are the pressures of the Pulmonary Artery? (Systolic, Diastolic, Mean)
Systolic: 25 mmHg Diastolic: 9 mmHg Mean: 15 mmHg
50
What is the pressures of the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge?
9 mmHg
51
What is the pressure of the Left Atrium?
8 mmHg
52
What is the Systolic pressure of the Left ventricle?
130 mmHg
53
What cellular functions occur in Endothelial cells in the presence of ACh and/or Thrombin?
NO- is released; releasing cGMP; causing smooth muscle relaxation
54
What happens when Endothelial Cells become stretched?
EDCF2 is released --> PGI2, --> cAMP --> causing Smooth Muscle Relaxation
55
What is the function of Angiontensin Converting Enzyme?
It converts Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II, causing Contraction of Smooth Muscle Cells
56
What age group receives the greatest amount of heart transplants?
Ages 50-65
57
Pericardium -
It is a sac filled with serous fluid that lubricates the outside of the heart.
58
Cardiac Tampinade -
It is a collection of fluid in the pericardial sac, causing compression of the heart.
59
Papillary Muscles -
Are bound to Chordae Tendeneae, and they contract to pull the valve leaflets closed during systole.
60
What are the some possible causes of a heart murmur?
A ruptured Chordae Tendeneae or a damaged papillary muscle
61
At rest, the heart pumps what % of its blood volume?
It pumps 65% of its blood volume at Rest
62
List the layers of the pericardium and the heart.
Pericardium: Fibrous Pericardium, Serous Peri. (Parietal Layer) Heart: Epicardium, Myocardium (muscle), Endocardium
63
What hormone causes a decrease in heart muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine
64
What hormone(s) cause an increase in heart muscle contraction?
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions