Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Z Year3 Clinical Examinations > Cardio MedEd > Flashcards

Cardio MedEd Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How do you explain the cardio exam to a patient?

A
  • Which would involve me having a look and feel of your hands, arms, face and neck
  • Then have a look, listen and feel of your chest
  • Would that be ok?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you explain exposure to patient?

A

For this examination you would have to be exposed from the waist up so I can get a clear view of your chest (can keep on your bra), would that be ok? Do you need any help removing your shirt?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What must you not forget to ask?

A
  1. Any pain

2. Chaperone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What should you check in patients general state?

A
  1. Sweaty
  2. SOB
  3. Anxiety
  4. Malar flush
  5. Pallor
  6. Cyanosis
  7. Nutritional status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What syndromes can you identify on inspection?

A
  1. Marfan’s
  2. Downs
  3. Turner’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the cardio impacts in Marfan’s?

A
  1. Valve disease
  2. Aortic aneurysm
  3. Dissection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the cardio impacts in Down’s?

A

septal defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the cardio impacts in Turner’s?

A

aortic coarctation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the syndromic features of Marfan’s?

A
  1. High arched palate

2. Arachnodactyly (‘spider fingers’):fingers and toes are abnormally long and slender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the syndromic features of Down’s?

A
  1. low muscle tone
  2. small stature
  3. an upward slant to the eyes
  4. single deep crease across the center of the palm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the syndromic features in Turner’s?

A
  1. short neck with a webbed appearance
  2. low hairline at the back of the neck
  3. low-set ears
  4. hands and feet that are swollen or puffy at birth
  5. soft nails that turn upward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What scars do you look for?

A
  1. Midline sternotomy scar (CABG + vein graft in leg)
  2. Thoracotomy scar
  3. Pacemaker
  4. Femoral-popliteal bypass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What other signs do you look for on the chest?

A
  1. Listen for click of prosthetic valve
  2. Visible pulsations on chest
  3. Amputations
  4. Ulceration
  5. Ascites
  6. De Mussets sign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What medical parapehrnalia can you look around for?

A
  1. Cannula, drip, IV fluids
  2. IV antibiotics
  3. Diuretics
  4. GTN spray
  5. Monitors / telemetry
  6. Cigarettes
  7. Other meds
  8. Temp chart
  9. ECG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could IV antibiotics suggest?

A

infective endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What could diuretics suggest?

A
  1. Heart failure

2. Pedal oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What could GTN spray suggest?

A

angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What could monitors/telemetry suggest?

A
  • recent chest pain

- arrythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are you looking for on inspection of the hands?

A
  1. Tar staining
  2. Clubbing
  3. Spliter haemorrhages
  4. Osler nodes
  5. Janeway lesions
  6. Tendon Xanthoma
  7. Peripheral cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are you doing on palpitation of the hands?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Cap refill
  3. CO2 retention flap
  4. Radial pulse: collapsing, bounding, radial-radial delay, radial-femoral delay)
  5. Resp Rate
  6. Blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What would tar staining suggest?

A

smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the cardiac causes of clubbing?

A
  1. Infective endocarditis
  2. Cyanotic congenital heart disease
  3. Atrial myxoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do osler nodes / janeway lesions suggest?

Study These Flashcards
A

infective endocarditis

24
Q

What do splinter haemorrhages suggest?

Study These Flashcards
A

infective endocarditis

25
What does xanothoma suggest?
- hyperlipidaemia (typically familial hypercholesterolaemia) | - important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (e.g. coronary artery disease, hypertension)
26
What does poor pallor suggest?
poor peripheral perfusion (e.g. congestive heart failure, hypovoleamia)
27
What could cyanosis indicate?
underlying hypoxaemia
28
What could a bounding pulse be due to?
- aortic regurgitation | - CO2 retention
29
What are causes of radio-radial delay?
1. subclavian artery stenosis (e.g. compression by a cervical rib) 2. aortic dissection 3. aortic coarctation
30
What are causes of a radio-femoral delay?
aortic coarctation distal to the left subclavian artery
31
What are causes of CO2 retention flap?
1. COPD | 2. Type 2 resp failure
32
What do you look for in the face?
1. Malar fllush 2. Xanthelasma 3. Corneal arcus 4. Conjunctival pallor
33
What are the causes of malar flush?
mitral stenosis
34
What are the causes of xanthelasma?
hypercholesterolaemia
35
When is corneal arcus not benign?
under 50 suggest hypercholesterolaemia
36
What does conjuctival pallor suggest?
anaemia
37
What do you look for on the mouth?
1. Central cyanosis 2. Hydration 3. High arched palate
38
What could central cyanosis suggest?
hypoxaemia (e.g. a right to left cardiac shunt)
39
What would a high arched palate suggest?
feature of Marfan syndrome
40
What is Marfan's syndrome associated with?
- mitral/aortic valve prolapse | - aortic dissection
41
What do you look for in the neck?
- JVP | - carotid bruits
42
What is the reason for a raised JVP?
fluid overload / venous hypertension
43
What are the cardiac causes of a raised JVP?
1. right sided heart failure 2. tricuspid regurgitation 3. constrictive pericarditis
44
What can cause right sided heart failure?
1. left sided heart failure | 2. pulmonary hypertension (due to COPD or ILD)
45
What can cause tricuspid regurgitation?
1. infective endocarditis | 2. rheumatic heart disease
46
What can cause constrictive pericarditis?
1. idiopathic 2. TB 3. RA
47
What does a positive hepatojugular reflux suggest?
- right ventricle is unable to accommodate an increased venous return - not diagnostic of any specific condition
48
What conditions usually cause a positive hepatojugular reflex?
1. Constrictive pericarditis 2. Right ventricular failure 3. Left ventricular failure 4. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
49
How do you palpate the carotid?
listen for bruits first because bruits indicate an underlying carotid stenosis
50
How do you auscultate for carotid bruits?
1. diaphragm of the stethoscope 2. place between larynx and the anterior border of the SCM) 3. ask the patient to take a deep breath in and hold it 4. listen when they are holding their breath
51
What is a carotid bruit?
a vascular sound usually heard with a stethoscope over the carotid artery because of turbulent, non-laminar blood flow through a stenotic area
52
When do you palpate the carotid?
if no bruit heard: asses character and volume of pulse
53
What must you avoid with palpating the carotids?
NOT at same time
54
What could cause a collapsing pulse?
1. normal physiological states (e.g. fever, pregnancy) 2. Cardiac lesions (e.g. aortic regurgitation, patent ductus arteriosus) 3. High output states (e.g. anaemia, arteriovenous fistula, thyrotoxicosis)
55
What are different types of pulse character?
1. Normal 2. Slow-rising 3. Bounding 4. Thready
56
What is a slow rising pulse associated with?
aortic stenosis
57
What is a thready pulse associated with?
intravascular hypovolaemia in conditions such as sepsis

Z Year3 Clinical Examinations (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions