Cardio part 1 Flashcards

Question

PE of AFib

Answer 1

Irregularly irregular pulse Tachycardia May have exophthalmos, thyromegaly, elevated JVP, or cyanosis May have heart failure, wheezes, or diminished breath sounds May have displaced PMI or S3 Prominent P2 with pulmonary HTN May have ascites, hepatomegaly, or hepatic capsular tenderness Cyanosis, clubbing, or edema of lower extremities

Answer 2

``` EKG CBC Serum electrolytes and BUN/creatinine CK and/or troponin BNP D-dimer Thyroid function studies Digoxin level Toxicology testing or ethanol level Echo CTA if D-dimer pos CT or MRI if ablation is planned ```

Answer 3

``` Advancing age Female HTN DM Heart failure Hx of stroke/TIA/thromboembolism CAD PAD Valvular heart disease ```

Answer 4

BBs and CCBs are 1st line for rate control Amiodarone for those intolerant or unresponsive to other agents Anticoagulation Cardioversion may be necessary

Answer 5

``` Hemodynamically unstable Severe dyspnea or CP Preexcited AFib Rate-control is not working Echo does not reveal any valvular or functional abnormality of the heart ```

Answer 6

Single reentrant circuit with circus activation in the right atrium around the tricuspid valve annulus, with an area of slow conduction between tricuspid valve annulus and the coronary sinus ostium

Answer 7

``` Coronary artery disease Hypertensive heart disease Rheumatic heart disease Congenital heart disease Pericarditis Cardiomyopathy Hypoxia COPD PE Hyperthryoidism Pheochromocytoma DM Electrolyte imbalance EtOH consumption Obesity Digitalis toxicity Myotonic dystrophy in childhood ```

Answer 8

Palpitations Fatigue or poor exercise tolerance Mild dyspnea Presyncope

Answer 9

Angina Profound dyspnea Syncope

Answer 10

``` EKG Vagal maneuvers if flutter waves are not seen Adenosine Exercise testing TTE ```

Answer 11

CCBs or BBs for rate control May need cardioversion Anticoagulation Consider radiofrequency ablation

Answer 12

``` Triggered by a reentry mechanism Premature atrial or ventricular ectopic beats Other triggers: -Hyperthyroidism -Stimulants -Alcohol ```

Answer 13

``` Toxins Thromboses Temperature Tension pneumo Tamponade Trauma Hypoxia Hypovolemia Hypokalemia/hyperkalemia Hydrogen ```

Answer 14

``` Palpitations Dizziness SOB Syncope CP Fatigue Diaphoresis Nausea ```

Answer 15

``` Cardiac enzymes Electrolyte levels CBC Thyroid studies Digoxin level Electrophysiologic studies EKG CXR TTE ```

Answer 16

Hypotensive or unstable: immediate cardioversion | Stable: try vagal maneuvers, then if unsuccessful, adenosine

Answer 17

Caused by electrical reentry or abnormal automaticity

Answer 18

``` Ischemic heart dz Structural heart dz with disruption of nl conduction patterns Congenital structural cardiac d/os Acquired channelopathies Inherited channelopathies Electrolyte imbalances Sympathomimetic agents Digitalis toxicity Systemic diseases causing infiltrative cardiomyopathy or scar ```

Answer 19

``` Palpitation Lightheadedness Syncope CP Can also be asymptomatic ```

Answer 20

``` Hypotension Tachypnea Diminished LOC Pallor Diaphoresis High JVP Mental status changes: Anxiety Agitation Lethargy Coma ```

Answer 21

Electrolytes Serum levels of therapeutic drugs Toxicology Serum cardiac markers

Answer 22

Echo EKG Holter monitoring with recurrent syncope or palpitations

Answer 23

VT associated with loss of consciousness or hypotension needs immediate cardioversion with 100-200J biphasic Address reversible RFs Lidocaine if pts have ongoing myocardial ischemia Pulseless VT- high-dose unsynchronized energy

Answer 24

Referral to a cardiologist Admission to a monitored bed Further studies, such as electrophysiologic study Consideration for radiofrequency ablation Consideration for ICD placement

Answer 25

Depends on cause: Amiodarone in combo with BBs for pts with left ventricular dysunction d/t previous MI Heart failure: BB, ACE, aldosterone antagonists Stains for coronary heart disease

Cardio part 1 Flashcards

(49 cards)