Cardio Pathologies (bronchectasis)

Question 1

What’s bronchiectasis

Answer 1

Permanent abnormal dilation in 1 or more lungs bronchi, mucus is secreted and pools in the areas of the airways more dilated= more prone to infection, doesn’t show as airflow obstruction

Question 2

Patho of bronchiectasis

Answer 2

Impaired mucocilliary clearance, secretions accumulate, leads to infection by bacteria, means more mucus produced., impaired cillilary performance, inflammatory response, which can cause tissue damage, eventually permanently dilating bronchi, loss of ciliates epithelium and impaired mucus clearance

Question 3

Causes of bronchiectasis

Answer 3

Idiopathic infection, CF, immunodeficiency, ciliary dysfunction, inflammatory conditions

Question 4

Clinical features of bronchiectasis

Answer 4

Cough, sputum production, dyspnoea, chest pain, nasal polyps

Question 5

Objective assessment for bronchiectasis

Answer 5

Chest x ray, pulmonary function test (spirometer), sputum sample, auscultation

Question 6

What are the types of bronchiectasis

Answer 6

Saccular, cylindrical, varicose

Question 7

What’s saccular bronchiectasis

Answer 7

In large bronchi that become balloon like

Question 8

What’s cylindrical bronchiectasis

Answer 8

Medium sized bronchi which are usually symmetrically dilated

Question 9

What’s varicose bronchiectasis

Answer 9

Constricts and dilates which deforms bronchi

Question 10

Symptoms of a bronchiectasis exacerbation

Answer 10

Change in sputum production, increased cough, reduced exercise tolerance, change in chest sounds, reduced pulmonary function

Question 11

Physio treatment for bronchiectasis

Answer 11

Breathing techniques