Cardio & Pulm & DM

Question 1

best at lowering triglycerides

Answer 1

Niacin or fibrate

Question 2

best at raising HDL

Answer 2

fibrate

Question 3

Beck’s Triad

Answer 3

“HoTN, muffled heart sounds, JVD

cardiac tamponade”

Question 4

Rheumatic fever mc affects what valve?

Answer 4

Mitral

Question 5

MC organism in infective endocarditis

Answer 5

Strep viridans

Question 6

Empiric tx of infective endocarditis

Answer 6

Vanco + Gentamycin +/- ceftriaxone

Question 7

Criterion to diagnose DM

Answer 7

A1c >= 6.5%

classic sxs and random plasma glucose > =200

2x the following-
FBS >= 126
2hr plasma glucose >= 200

Question 8

An absolute lack of insulin prevents___ and causes____

Answer 8

prevents cellular uptake of glucose and results in hyperglycemia

Question 9

Humalog is what kind of insulin and how fast is onset

Answer 9

Rapid-Acting, onset 5min

Question 10

Humulin (or Novolin) is what kind of insulin and how fast is onset?

Answer 10

Short-Acting, onset 30 min, peak 2-5hr

Question 11

NPH (Humulin) is what kind of insulin and how long for onset?

Answer 11

Intermediate, onset 1-2hr, peak 6-8hr

Question 12

Lantus (or Levemir) is what kind of insulin, and how long for onset?

Answer 12

Long acting, onset ~2hr, no pronounced peak, duration 24hr

Question 13

Usual starting dose of insulin

Answer 13

0.3-0.8 units /kg

divided into 2 daily doses

Question 14

Standard dose of Metformin

Answer 14

Metformin 500mg twice daily

with meal

Question 15

Metformin contraindicated in

Answer 15

Renal Impairment (Cr 1.4 or greater)
HF
uncontrolled respiratory disease

Question 16

Name a sulfonylurea

Answer 16

Glimepiride

Question 17

Name a thiazolidinediones

Answer 17

Pioglitazone

Question 18

What type of drug is Januvia?

Answer 18

dpp-iv inhibitor

Question 19

What type of drug is Victoza?

Answer 19

glp-1 receptor agonist

Question 20

What type of drug is Invokana?

Answer 20

sglt2 inhibitor

Question 21

How do sglt2 inhibitors work?

Answer 21

prevent glucose from being reabsorbed, goes into pee, lose wt

Question 22

A cuff that is too small will give a falsely ____ BP

Answer 22

elevated

Question 23

A cuff that is too large will give a falsely ___ BP

Answer 23

lowered

Question 24

BP of 142/86 would fall under what category?

Answer 24

HTN stage 1

Question 25

BP of 164/98 would fall under what category?

Answer 25

HTN stage 2

Question 26

Valsartan is what kind of drug?

Answer 26

ARB

Question 27

Carvedilol is what kind of drug?

Answer 27

BB

Question 28

Amlodipine is what kind of drug?

Answer 28

CCB

Question 29

Lisinopril is what kind of drug?

Answer 29

ACEI

Question 30

Hypertensive patient at high risk for DM-type 2 would benefit most from what type of drug?

Answer 30

ACEI- Lisinopril

Question 31

Hypertensive patient with recent hx MI would benefit most from what med?

Answer 31

BB- Carvedilol

Question 32

Diuretics are poor choices for what comorbid conditions?

Answer 32

dyslipidemia, DM, gout, allergy to sulfa drugs

Question 33

ACEI are poor choices for what comorbid conditions?

Answer 33

bilat renal artery stenosis, pregnancy, hyperkalemia

Question 34

BB are poor choices for what comorbidities?

Answer 34

Asthma, COPD, severe PVD, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block

Question 35

Alpha blockers are poor choices for what comorbidities?

Answer 35

postural hypotension, urinary incontinence

Question 36

Tx for HTN urgency

Answer 36

PO meds: | nifedipine, clonidine, captopril

Question 37

Tx for HTN emergency

Answer 37

IV meds- | labetalol, nitroprusside, nicardipine, nitroglycerin

Question 38

MCC CHF

Answer 38

CAD

Question 39

A patient who has structural heart disease but no sxs of HF is classified as

Answer 39

Acc/AHA stage B | NYHA I

Question 40

A patient who is at high risk of developing HF but no structural disease is classified as

Answer 40

``` ACC/AHA STAGE A no nyha class for this ```

Question 41

Advanced structural heart disease and marked sxs of HF at REST is classified as

Answer 41

``` ACC/AHA Stage D NYHA class IV ```